PROTOZOAN CATTI^E FEVER. TEXAS FEVER. 

 PAI^UDISM OF CATTI.E. 



Symptoms. Definition : protozoan, tick-borne, febrile, affection, of wild 

 damp lands, and warm seasons, with enlarged spleen and liver and haemo- 

 lysis. Historic Notes ; Old World ; Australia ; tropical and subtropical 

 America. Causes : contact of cattle from salubrious districts with the insalu- 

 brious or with cattle from such ; Piroplasma bigeminum ; a bovine parasite, 

 reducing red globules by ^ths. ; successive forms of piroplasma ; the cattle 

 tick, boophilis annulatus, bearer of piroplasma ; demonstration of the tick 

 agency ; toxic saliva of tick ; toxic property in blood ; question of identity 

 of infection-bearing ticks. Lesions: putrefaction rapid, icterus, ticks, blood 

 oozing in skin, hydraemia haemoglobinaemia, few red globules, small pete- 

 chise, slight serous exudates and effusions : congestion, petechiation, 

 sloughing, perforation of gastric mucosa, congestion of intestinal mucosa, 

 in rectum like port wine ; liver enlarged, congested, biliary radicles in acini 

 gorged with bile ; spleen enl irged, engorged : kidneys oedematous, blood- 

 stained ; bladder petechiated ; urine opaque or red, in convalesence watery ; 

 womb ; foetus. Incubation three to ten days ; delays due to hatching of 

 ticks. Symptoms : Acute case : anamnesis ; hot season ; hyperthermia 104°^ 

 to 109° F. ; hurried breathing and pulse ; anorexia ; dulness ; costiveness ; 

 icterus ; prostration ; weakness ; delirium ; urineturbid, red ; blood hydrsemic ^ 

 diarrhoea ; emaciation. Duration one to seven days. Fatal {$0%) to exotic 

 cattle ; mild in indigenous, or cool season. Mild case ; temperature 103° , 

 anorexia, dulness, costiveness, enuresis, albuminuria, pallid mucosae, ema- 

 ciation, round protozoon in globules, ticks, oligocythemia. Differential 

 diagnosis, from anthrax. Treatment : laxative : antiseptic ; mucilaginious 

 food ; picking off ticks ; anti-ixodic lotion ; tick free pasture or place. Pre- 

 vention : destruction of ticks ; picking ; dipping or smearing with tick kill, 

 ing preparation, paraffine or extradynamo oil and sulphur, danger with 

 shipping ; dressing of all cattle at intervals during warm reason ; cultiva- 

 tion of tick- infected land ; exclusion of cattle for one summer and two win- 

 ters ; soil cattle for three weeks in each of two tick free pens, to let ticks 

 drop ; danger of nonimmuuized cattle ii? infested area ; suggestions for ex- 

 tinction by States. Immunization : Infection of sucking calf ; infected by 

 a few ticks : by graduated injections of piroplasma blood ; technique ; 

 injection of blood from body of tick. I^imited value of artificial tolerance. 

 Marketing of the beef. Federal restrictions. 



Synonyms. Splenic fever ; Spanish fever ; Mexican fever ;; 

 Southern cattle fever ; Australian tick fever ; Tristeza ; Red water - 

 Black water ; Bovine periodic fever ; Bovine yellow fever ; Mala- 

 die du bois ; Holzkrankheit ; Moor evil ; Wood-ill ; Ixodic 

 Anaemia,; Roiimanian hsemoglobinuria. Piroplasmosis. 

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