Protozoan Cattle Fever. Texas Fever. Paludism of Cattle. 597 



slow, from one to two months being required to bring them up to 

 the normal standard. I^ignieres claims recoveries after the count 

 had gone as low as 300,000 per mm., and in fatal cases, a few 

 hours before death, it may be but 51,000 per mm. 



In high conditioned animals, with high fever, often aggravated 

 by travel, the muscles may be dark and firm, but in those out of 

 condition and in the advanced anaemic stages of the disease the 

 muscles are pale, and there may be sub-cutaneous iaedema below 

 1;he chest and belly. These last features are especially noted by 

 Smith and Kilborne. 



The lungs are usually normal. Sometimes limited congestions, 

 punctiform petechise, emphysema and small areas of cedema or 

 hepatization are noticed (Smith and Kilborne). 



The pericardium contains a little bloody serum and is marked 

 by petechise. 



The left heart is usually empty, but the right heart full of fluid, 

 ■or later, of clotted blood, in the latter case without buffy coat. 

 The endocardium, and especially on the muscuii papillares, is 

 marked by petechise, punctate or in considerable patches. The 

 ■cardiac capillaries are full of blood, with numerous piroplasmata. 



The peritoneum often contains a little reddish serosity, and a 

 ■slight gelatinoid exudation is sometimes found around the kidneys 

 or elsewhere in the abdomen. Petechise are frequent. 



The stomachs usually show petechiated spots on the mucous- 

 membranes, and more or less diffuse congestion. Sloughing of 

 the mucosa at such points is not uncommon, and even perforation 

 of the folds of the third and fourth stomachs. The Bureau of 

 Animal Industry and Lignieres both found these stomach lesions 

 .very inconsiderable. The smaller pin-head erosions described by 

 ■Gamgee were identified by the Bureau of Animal Industry as bites 

 ■of the strongylus convojutus. The small intestines are usiially 

 moderately congested. 



The caecum and colon show more congestion, becoming at times 

 of a deep red or almost black hue, and considerable extravasa- 

 tion of blood may take place. This is especially marked in the 

 rectum, which may be of a port wine hue, comparable to that 

 seen in rinderpest or hsemorrhoidal anthrax. The faeces are 

 often dry and massed in balls in csecum and rectum, while if 

 -diarrhoea has set in, the discharge may be colored with blood or 



