Protozoan Ictero-hmmaturia in Sheep, etc. 623 



-dark red or bluish black, friable, and on section exuding freely a 

 bloody or chocolate-colored liquid. The capsule was easily de- 

 tached. The bladder contained a bloody or chocolate-colored 

 urine, but was sometimes empty. 



The heart cavities were empty or contained small diffluent 

 "blood clots. Petechise were common on pericardium and endo- 

 cardium. 



Yellowish or yellowish green gelatinoid effusion was often 

 ^present, not only on the head and neck, but also on the inner 

 .side of the thighs, and in one or other of the serous cavities. 



Symptoms.. The first indications noticed are dulness, list- 

 lessness, a dragging behind the flock, cea.sing to graze, arched 

 Tjack, and stiff or unsteady movements. There is moderate fever, 

 yellowness of the visible mucosae and skin, and rosy, bloody, 

 -or reddish brown urine. 



Puffy dropsical swellings are noticed, especially on the ears, 

 sides of the face, on the neck or thighs, and the patient lies down 

 most of the time. 



The patient usually dies in a state of collapse which has lasted 

 for several hours, yet in certain cases it is preceded by a convul- 

 sive agony. 



It is certain that the affection may appear in a mild form, as 

 sheep slaughtered in apparent health are found to show the gen- 

 eral icterus, the congested liver, and the leucocytosis with crena- 

 tion of the red globules which characterize the disease. The 

 icteric carcasses are said to be recognized and condemned at 

 Xansas City and Omaha. 



The duration of the affection is from i to 5 days, though it 

 may last longer, and severe attacks usually end in death. 



The Prevention of this disease can, as yet, be based only on the 

 same principles that guide us in the case of Texas fever. Search 

 should be made for an invertebrate host of the protozoon, by the 

 extinction of which infection may be stopped. The spring out- 

 break could be opposed by feeding hay on safe ground until the 

 higher pastures furnish sufficient vegetation. To counteract the 

 autumn attack, the sheep might be fenced out from the alkaline 

 hogs, and the forage supplied in the form of hay or soiling crops. 

 If it should appear that any wild animals harbor or transmit the 

 parasite, a campaign of extermination upon them would be in 



