628 Veterinary Medicine. 



Cadeac and others describe an intermittent or remittent febrile 

 aifection of the horse, as identical with ague, and due, they 

 mistakenly allege, to the presence in the blood of \h& Plasmodium 

 malaria of leaver an. 



Geographical Distribution. It has been observed on the low 

 marshy grounds of Sicily, the Danube bottom lands, Algiers, 

 S. Africa, Tonkin, Madagascar, Soudan, Senegal and Cochin 

 China (Dupuy L,enoir, Pierre, Colin), Punjaub (Eassie,) Philip- 

 pines (Gelston.) 



J/«Vr«75«V&^j)/.Theprotozoan microbe, /Vro//«5»«a^5'««(Ivaveran) 

 is more closely related to the P. bigeminum of Texas fever than 

 to the Plasmodium malarise of man. It is conveyed by ticks 

 from one equine animal to another, rather than by anopheles. 

 It is round or crescent shaped at different stages, 0.5 to a/x, and 

 is found in abundance in the red globules during the access of 

 hyperthermia, and disappears in great measure during a remis- 

 sion. Yet the blood remains infecting even in the recovered 

 ( ' ' salted ' ' ) animals. 



Accessory Causes. I^ike malarial diseases in man, this is largely 

 confined to low, damp, undrained and inundated localities or 

 those covered by trees or brush, and is most prevalent in the hot 

 season, though it is not, like horse sickness, arrested by frost. 

 The elevated plains and tablelands which are habitually dry, or 

 well drained are exempt, and their soliped herds- susceptible, 

 while those of the lowlands are mostly immune. The mortality 

 in Algerian horses taken to the Soudan is 90 per cent., while 

 but 25 to 35 of the native horses of the Soudan or Senegal suffer. 

 In S. Africa the coast horses generally bore the parasite, and 

 were not successfully inoculated even with the blood of the sick 

 injected intravenously, while those from the Karoo nearly all 

 proved free from the piroplasma and susceptible to it. Injection 

 into the veins or siibcutem, of Algerian, American, or Karoo 

 horses, of 2occ. of the blood from a sick horse, ass or mule^ 

 produces in 24 hours hyperthermia and parasites in the blood 

 which last for 3 days (Edington), till fever subsides. It has even 

 been claimed that it has been transmitted to the foetus in utero. 



Exposure in the hot sunshine on the open veldt aggravates an 

 attack and even rouses a latent case to a dangerous or fatal 

 form, while shelter in an open shed leads to immediate improve- 

 ment (Eassie). Relapses or second attacks are often due to heat. 



