Paludism in Horses. 629 



Symptoms. Premonitory symptoms of restlessness, drowsiness, 

 or stifiEness are followed by violent shivering, elevation of tem- 

 perature (104° or 108° F.), anorexia, muscular tremors, rapid 

 breathing, hacking cough with expectoration of frothy mucus, 

 tumultuous heart beats, and small irritable pulse. There is com- 

 plete anorexia, an opaque, infiltrated, petechiated, icteric or ma- 

 hogany-colored conjunctiva, epiphora, and sometimes blood ex- 

 travasations into the vitreous. The lungs may become intensely 

 congested, with rapid, panting breathing, dyspnoea, a frothy, 

 rusty expectoration, and extended head and limbs. This may 

 prove fatal in a few hours. Otherwise there may be remisssions 

 of the fever and dyspnoea at somewhat irregular intervals. Sooner 

 or later are observed urinary changes, the liquid becomes albu- 

 minous, yellow, amber colored or red, or it shows distinct casts. 

 These indicate the destruction of the red globules and the escape 

 of hsemaglobin. In other cases there are slight colics and con- 

 stipation alternating with a greenish yellow foetid diarrhoea. The 

 early nervous prostration and drowsiness may merge into vertigo, 

 ooma or paralysis. Vertigo is a very prominent feature in the 

 Philippine cases (Gelston). The skin which, at first, may often 

 be pricked without response, sometimes becomes tender, itchy 

 and congested, with the erection of the hairs and the forma- 

 tion of pustules, or small abscesses like hazlenuts. There may be 

 oedematous swellings on the sides of the neck or in the sapraorbi- 

 tal cavities. 



Course. Duration. In very acute cases death may take place 

 in afew hours. More commonly illness lasts from three to six days. 

 In certain instances it becomes chronic and may last two or even 

 three months, the early congestion of the mucosae giving place to 

 pallor and ansemia with advancing emaciation, dropsies and finally 

 marasmus and death, or recovery with immunity. 



Lesions. These are mainly in the blood, red globules being 

 distorted, crenated, massed in clusters and greatly diminished in 

 numbers from (7,000,000 to 2,300,000) so that the liquid appears 

 thin and watery. The mucosae, internal organs and serosae are 

 petechiated and the serous cavities contain a yellowish serum. 

 The muscles are mahogany colored. A yellowish tint pervades 

 the white tissues generally. The softened, swollen, oedematous 

 condition of the lymph gland is characteristic. The liver is 



