Lung Plague in Cattle. 667 



cows immunized from the plague. He thus reduced his losses to 

 the minimum of one fifth of the inexpensive calves, and warded 

 off the heavy losses previously sustained in the valuable milch cows 

 and preserved the still more valuable trade in the milk of healthy 

 animals. The method was a mere temporary makeshift, de- 

 pending for its success on the permanent maintenance of the lung 

 plague, but so long as there were no well considered government 

 measures for its extinction its permanence was assured in any 

 case, and Mr. Harvey was working no injury to any one, while 

 he was substituting a profitable occupation for a losing one, and 

 supplying his customers with milk from sound cows in place of 

 those that were continually coming down with the plague. Under 

 official measures for the plague-extinction his attempt would have 

 been most reprehensible, but in the absence of such measures it 

 was highly meritorious. 



Inoculation in the Tip of the Tail. This is an advance and in 

 some respects an improvement on the Harvey system, as the in- 

 fection and lesions are localized in the tail, and the mortality is 

 reduced to 2 per cent. In practice a recently attacked animal is 

 selected, and a portion of the lung which is strongly infiltrated 

 but not yet hepatized. This is laid upon a clean scalded plate and 

 incised with a clean scalded knife when an abundance of a clear 

 yellow serum drains out. This is drawn up into a sterilized hypo- 

 dermic syringe, and the tails having been washed and sterilized, 

 the nozzle is inserted under the skin of each in succession and a 

 drop or two of the liquid discharged subcutem. If despatch is 

 important the washing may be dispensed with and the nozzle 

 wiped and dipped in strong carbolic acid between each two suc- 

 cessive irisertions. 



Various modifications of this procedure have been made. 

 To avoid the inevitable entrance of serial germs, flamed pipettes 

 have been inserted into a puncture into the turgid lung, made with 

 a flamed knife, the point is then broken and the serum is drawn 

 up to fill the vacuum caused by the heat employed in sterilization. 

 The point is then sealed by melting the glass in the frame of an 

 alcohol lamp, or by melted wax. 



Nocard washed the surface of the infiltrated or hepatized lung 

 with boiled water, then with a sterilized knife cut out a deep 

 segment so as to leave a conical cavity and covered this with an 



