Cattle Plague. 671 



■grinding teeth, rapid pulse, expiration with arrest and click, suppression of 

 milk, relaxed sphincters. May become aggressive or soporific. Diagnosis : 

 by rapid and deadly progress, and manifest infection ; from malignant 

 ■catarrh by the active spread, numbers attacked, concretions on mouth, and 

 known exposure ; from thrush by the high fever, contagion to old as well 

 as young, and severe abdominal symptoms ; from aphthous f ever \)y the high 

 ■temperature, the absence of distinct vesicles on mouth, teats and feet, by 

 -the comparative immunity of swine, and by its high mortality ; from dysen- 

 tery y by the early hyperthermia, the concretions in the mouth, by rapid 

 general extension irrespective of filth and crowding, and by the implication 

 ■of stomachs and small intestines, rather than the large ; from gastro-enteri- 

 iis, due to chemical irritants, by the lack of such manifest cause, and its 

 Tapid progress from herd to herd ; from anthrax, by its rapid spread be- 

 yond an anthrax locality, the buccal and skin concretions and desquama- 

 tions, by the iusuceptibility of horse, dog, and rodent, by the absence of 

 splenic enlargement or incoagulable blood. In sheep : mortality in Steppes, 

 JO to 50 per cent. ; in new countries go to 95 per cent. Treatment : to be 

 condemned where its permanence is not accepted Serum-therapy : blood 

 «erum of immunized animal subcutem. Prevention by immunization : 

 mixture of virus and bile ; inject with highly immunized and defibrinated 

 Wood, and expose to the sick, only admissible where extinction is despaired 

 ■of. Exclusion : exclude all ruminants and their products which come from 

 suspected lands, or admit on certificate and quarantine, or for slaughter 

 only. Extinctions : Trace and kill all ruminants that come in proximity to 

 ■every infected animal, or to any place or thing where it has been, disinfect 

 throughly the carcasses, products, places and things, register all ruminants 

 around a wide area of possible infection, make necropsy in every case of 

 •death, appraise and sacrifice any herd showing the infection. Each sea- 

 board state should provide for instant action by the Federal Government. 

 ■Question of extinction in the Philippines. 



Synonyms. Pestis Bovina, Rinderpest, Magenseuche, Viehpest, 

 Viehseuche, Pockenseuche (German). Pest Bovine, Typhus 

 Contagieuse, Typhus du gros Betail (French). Tifo Bovino 

 (Italian;. Dzuma (Polish). Tchouma Reina (Russian). Low 

 ^eng (belly sickness, China). Pushima (Hind., Burm.). 



Definition. A contagious fever of polygastric mammals (bovine, 

 ovine, caprine, cervine, exceptionally porcine), characterized by 

 sudden invasion, rapid advance, hyperthermia, great constitu- 

 tional disorder, congestion and blood extravasations of the mucosae 

 generally, but especially of the gastric and intestinal, epithelial 

 and epidermic hypertrophy in the form of white concretions or 

 warty- like masses on the mouth, (vulva), and skin, followed by 

 erosions, by pulmonary interlobular emphysema, by a catching, 



