■Cattle Plague. 685 



method whenever the extinction of the disease is possible. When 

 on the other hand a disease is already spread universally in a 

 country destitute of fenced enclosures, in which herd mingles 

 with herd in the most perfect freedom, and where accordingly 

 extinction is impossible, the method is admissible and even com- 

 mendable as a means of reducing the otherwise ruinous mortality. 



Exclusion and Extinction of Cattle Plague. For countries 

 adjoining lands infected with cattle plague such general measures 

 as the following are imperative : Prohibition of all imports of 

 cattle, sheep and other ruminants, camels and swine from such 

 infected countries, also of the fresh hides and other products of 

 such animals, and of litter, fodder and other things that may have 

 been stored in the buildings with infected cattle or otherwise 

 soiled by them. Prohibition of imports of all cattle or other 

 ruminants from adjacent countries (which may be plague- free), 

 but through which animals have been carried in undisinfected 

 cars or boats that had been in previous use for such species of 

 animals drawn from infected countries, or that had been passed 

 through infected countries, yards, buildings, loading banks, 

 chutes, piers, gangways, or other places, or furnished with fodder, 

 halters or appliances from such infected localities. In Eastern 

 Europe the practice is to patrol the frontiers day and night to pre- 

 vent the smuggling of cattle through from the infected country. 

 Infected animals or herds, that it is sought to pass, are turned 

 back or slaughtered. Sheep from countries that had been pre- 

 viously infected are often admitted on aflSdavit of the official 

 veterinarian in the country from which they come, that during 

 the three months before they left, there had been no contagious 

 disease of cattle nor sheep in the locality, and on the further con- 

 dition that they shall be slaughtered at the point of entry, or, if 

 brought by rail, at the nearest slaughter house approached by 

 such railroad after entry. In France, sheep, sent from Russia 

 by sea, in French bottoms, certified as above by the Russian au- 

 thorities, and accompanied on the voyage by a French veteri- 

 narian and certified sound by him, are allowed to circulate freely 

 after three days detention at the point of arrival without evidence 

 of disease. 



In the United States the 90 days quarantine of cattle (dated 

 from the time of shipping at the foreign port), and the 15 days 



