SPIRII.I.OSIS IN GEESE. 



Sakharoff in 1891 reported an epizootic of geese caused by a 

 spiral anaerobic microorganism (^spirochcste anserina). lyater, in 

 1 899, Cantacuzeue reported a similar affection and found that the 

 leucocytes of the spleen were active in destroying the spirochsete. 

 The symptoms of the affection were those of general dulness and 

 prostration resulting in an early death. 



The main lesions were found in the spleen and liver, the former 

 greatly enlarged and engorged with blood, and the latter swollen, 

 with fatty and even necrotic degeneration of the parenchyma. 

 Similar lesions were found in the cardiac muscle and other solid 

 organs. The spirillum was found in the blood as well as in the 

 substance of the affected tissues. The spirochaete anserina is 

 carried from goose to goose by an argas ( Marchoux and Salim- 

 bene), that of relapsing fever of man by the bed-bug. 



Immunisation has been secured by injections of the blood of the 

 diseased goose, after it has been heated to 55° C. for five minutes, 

 but if heated for ten minutes the immunizing power was destroyed. 

 The blood became nonvirulent forty eight hours after it had been 

 removed from the live goose, but its injection into healthy geese 

 produced immunity. 



The channel for infection of the goose has not been proven, 

 but prevention should be sought by the general methods, exclu- 

 sion and quarantine of strange geese, the confinement of the 

 healthy on uncontaminated ground, the supply of water from 

 dowing. fountains or close, deep, cemented wells or after boiling, 

 the furnishing of green food from uninfected sources or after 

 cooking, and finally the raising of new stock from the eggs 

 washed in boiled water, hatched in incubators, and raised on 

 cement, stone or wooden floors, and on sterilized food. 



SPIRII.I.OSIS IN CATTI.E IN EAST AFRICA. 



Synonyms. Red-water, Diarrhoea, Fever. 

 Theiler describes a spirillosis of cattle prevailing in the Trans- 

 vaal and E. Africa, and which has been hitherto confounded with 

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