Ulcerative Ano- Vulvitis. 693 



In all cases the disease appeared in the cooler months, from 

 October to April inclusive, and while the cattle were secluded in 

 muddy yards. 



In different cases they occupied the yards in common with 

 swine, which were charged with wounding the vulva, until the 

 general character of the outbreak forbade this conclusion. At 

 Blue Rapids it was sixty-two days after they had been yarded 

 with the hogs before the disease was observed. 



In this case the lot was small, poorly drained and very muddy 

 most of the time. Calves and hogs drank from the same troughs 

 until the disease appeared. The water supplied to the calves and 

 hogs was from a well sixteen feet deep. The cows, which 

 escaped, were supplied with water from the Blue River. 



Cows, heifers and steers were fed on a ration of shelled corn 6 

 parts, rye i part, oats i part, and had an abundance of fodder, 

 consisting of prairie hay and millet in equal parts. They were in 

 good condition, some of them fat, and nearly all dehorned. A 

 second herd had shelled corn, kafir corn and cane, with water 

 from a shallow well, and all (cows and heifers) suffered. 



As showing the localized nature of the cause, C. MuUer adduces 

 the case near Ottumwa, la., in which a herd of 30 calves were 

 attacked, and sold out, the owner filling the same yard a few days 

 later with 30 more bought in the surrounding country, and which 

 he put on the same rations. In about 10 days the disease ap- 

 peared in the second lot. 



On the Rice farm. Blue Rapids, were 60 yearling heifers, bought 

 in Kansas City, and two home cows. In the first week after 

 arrival 5 heifers suffered, in the second week 20, in the third 

 -week 40, and in the fourth week all the 60. The two cows 

 mingling with them Avere only slightly affected. 



In the Rodkey farm, Blue Rapids, cases, all of the young cattle 

 {which alone suffered) had been raised on the farm and had not 

 Ijeen exposed to outside cattle. 



Symptoms. ' 'The ulcer, in almost every case, started as a mere 

 abrasion, the size of a pin-head, usually on the inner surface of 

 the labia, near the border of the inferior commissure, gradually 

 ■eating its way through until it appeared as a much larger denuded 

 surface on the outside." (C. Miller). S. T. Miller says : "The 

 first noticeable symptom was serous exudate, rapidly forming into 



