FLORA OF THE CHEYENNE SANDSTONE OF KANSAS. 
the foregoing synonymy. The Cheyenne sand- 
' stone material is more like the irregular A. 
polymorpha than the more symmetrical A. 
palmata of Newberry’s original material. 
The species is common in the Raritan forma- 
tion of New Jersey and survives in the over- 
lying Magothy formation. In the Cheyenne 
sandstone it is represented by three specimens 
obtained near Medicine Lodge Creek, 2 miles 
west of Belvidere (2224). 
Genus ARALIOPSOIDES Berry. 
Araliopsoides cretacea (Newberry) Berry. 
Plate LXI, figure 2. 
Araliopsoides cretacea (Newberry) Berry, Maryland Geol. 
Survey, Upper Cretaceous, p. 879, pl..74, fig. 3; pl. 
84, figs. 1, 2; pl. 85, figs. 1-5; pl. 88, figs. 1-3, 1916; 
Torrey Bot. Club Bull., vol. 38, p. 413, 1911. 
Sassafras ( Araliopsis) cretaceum Newberry, New York Lyc, 
Nat. Hist. Annals, vol. 9, p. 14, 1868. 
[Lesquereux], U. 8S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 
Illustrations of Cretaceous and Tertiary plants, pl. 
6, figs. 14; U. 8. Geol. Survey Terr. Rept., vol. 6 
(Cretaceous flora), p. 80, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2; pl. 12, fig. 
2, 1874; U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 17, p. 102, 1892. 
Newberry, U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 98, pl. 6, 
figs. 1-4; pl. 7, figs. 1-3; pl. 8, figs. 1, 2, 1898. 
?Hollick, U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 50, p. 77, pl.‘30, 
fig. 10. 1906. 
Penhallow, Roy. Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser., vol. 1, 
sec. 4, p. 310, 1907. 
Berry, Torrey Bot. Club Bull., vol. 37, p. 22, 1910. 
Leaves petiolate, decurrent at base, very smooth above, 
strongly nerved below, three lobed ;. lobes entire and acute. 
The nervation is all strongly defined; the central nerve 
straight or nearly so; the lateral primary nerve springing 
from it at an angle of 30°; secondary nerves regularly 
arched till they approach the margin of the lobes, when 
they are abruptly curved and run together. From these 
the tertiary nerves are given off at a right angle, and from 
these the quaternary nerves spring at a similar angle, 
together forming a network of which the areoles are sub- 
quadrate.—Newberry, 1868. 
Newberry includes under Sassafras cretaceum 
the various forms described by Lesquereux as 
8. mudgii, 8. subintegrifolium, S. integrifolium, 
S. obtusum, S. cretaceum dentatum, S. cretaceum 
obtusum, S. acutilobum, Cissites harkianus, and 
C. salisburiaefolius. Although. this list shows 
the undoubted composite nature of 8. cretaceum, 
it also shows that the extremes of leaf form 
above mentioned are so closely connected with 
the more typical leaf by a series of interme- 
diate forms that the problem of where one 
species shall end and another begin is an ex- 
tremely difficult one to solve. 
221 
I consider the leaf figured by Newberry on 
Plate VI, figure 1, of “Later extinct floras” 
(Mon. 35) to be the typical form of this species, 
thus agreeing with Newberry’s original de- 
scription and with his later opinion expressed 
in 1898. This type bears considerable resem- 
blance. to some modern Sassafras leaves. A 
slight widening of the terminal lobe of some of 
‘these in the basal region would give a leaf 
strikingly like Araliopsoides cretacea; or were 
the sinuses of the latter slightly deeper we 
would have the typical modern leaf. In its 
basal portion the leaf is like Sassafras, and the 
indications point to a similar venation in this 
region. The first pair of secondaries do not 
branch to form margins of the sinuses; the left 
one runs directly to the sinus, however, and 
may possibly have conformed to the margin 
and been effaced in the specimen; the right one 
is stronger and runs almost to the sinus, where 
it makes a sharp turn upward, continuing until 
it joins the next secondary. This feature is 
analogous to those in the modern leaf, which 
may indicate the mode of origin of this peculiar 
character. This leaf seems.to form a central 
figure from which a series of forms grade in 
several directions, culminating in quite dis- 
similar leaves. Lesquereux’s Sassafras creta- 
ceum is a more planatoid leaf, with more acute 
tips, a tendency to become dentate, and the 
primaries inserted ‘nearer the base. Closely 
allied to S. cretaceum is his Sassafras (Araliop- 
sis) mirabile, which serves as a connecting link 
with his Platanus recurvata. From the Sassa- 
fras cretaceum of Lesquereux it is but a step to 
such a leaf as the one shown on Plate VIII, fig- 
ure 2, of ‘Later extinct floras” and to the tri- 
lobed forms referred to Cissites harkerianus, 
j and these in turn grade into the more cissoid 
forms of this species, such as those shown on 
Plate II, figure 3, of Lesquereux’s “‘ Cretaceous 
flora.” The primaries are basal and of not 
much greater caliber than the regularly suc- 
ceeding straight secondaries. It is but a step 
from this leaf to Cissites heerii, on the one 
hand, with its palmately five-pointed blade, 
and to such forms as Cissites acuminatus (Pl. 
V, fig. 4, “‘Cretaceous and Tertiary floras’’), on 
the other; which in turn, by the elimination of 
the decreasing dentate points, gives us the 
leaf shown on Plate V, figure 3, ‘‘Cretaceous 
and Tertiary floras.” In the second series of 
f 
