220 
great display of Aralia-like forms in the middle 
Cretaceous both of this country and of Europe, 
and these forms are especially abundant in 
the Dakota sandstone of the West. Compari- 
sons with existing plants are not so satisfactory, 
although many tropical Araliaceae show sug- 
gestive resemblance. The Moraceae in the 
genus Artocarpus and its allies also show many 
similar features. 
This most striking species of Aralia, because 
of its large size, has always been found in a 
fragmentary condition. Specimens showing all 
parts of the leaf have now been collected both 
from Maryland and from Kansas, and these 
conclusively confirm the restoration of this leaf 
made by me in 1903. They also confirm the 
supposition based on the venation of the New 
Jersey material, that instead of a broadly ovate 
median lobe, as Heer supposed, this middle 
lobe was sublobate by the greater or less de- 
velopment of a lateral lobe on each side, as 
shown in the accompanying illustrations. The’ 
species may be more fully defined in the light 
of all the material as follows: Leaves large, 
ranging from 16 to 21 centimeters in length and 
from 19 to 23 centimeters in maximum width, 
orbicular in general outline, deeply pinnate- 
lobate. Apex of the terminal and lateral lobes 
bluntly pointed. Base broadly cuneate. Mar- 
gins entire. Texture subcoriaceous. Lobes 
usually seven, separated by relatively narrow. 
ultimately. rounded sinuses, comprising an 
ovate medium terminal lobe and two main 
lateral lobes on each side, the lower pair being 
more or less divided. In the Maryland mate- 
rial the auxiliary lobe on the lower side of each 
main lateral lobe is feebly developed. In the 
Greenland material itis at least half as large as 
the main lobe, and the separating sinus extends 
halfway to the base. Petiole stout, its full 
length unknown. Midrib very stout and prom- 
inent, straight. Lateral primaries two on each 
side, stout and prominent, the lower pair sub- 
opposite and suprabasilar, the upper pair in 
some specimens subopposite, more commonly 
separated by a wide interval. The lower 
primary may fork a short distance above its 
base, as it does in the Greenland material at an 
interval of only about 1 centimeter, or this 
fork may. be at least 4 centimeters above the 
base, as in the Maryland material, the distance 
depending on the extent to which the auxiliary 
lobe is developed. The angle of divergence of 
SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1921, 
the primaries from the midrib is about 40° but 
varies from specimen to specimen; the basal 
pair is in general somewhat more divergent than 
the upper pair. The secondary and tertiary 
venation is usually obsolete. Some specimens 
show a few thin remote secondaries diverging 
| from the primaries at angles of about 45° and 
sweeping upward in ascending camptodrome 
curves. 
The Cheyenne sandstone material’ is not 
abundant. It comes from the left bank of the 
middle branch of Champion (Wildcat) Draw, 
half a mile south of Belvidere (2229) and the 
right bank of the same branch (2231). 
Aralia newberryi Berry. 
Aralia newberryi Berry, Torrey Bot. Club Bull., vol. 34, p. 
201, pl. 15, fig. 1, 1907; New Jersey Geol. Survey 
Bull. 3, p. 197, 1911. 
Aralia palmata Newberry, Flora of the Amboy clays, p. 
117, pl. 39, figs. 6, 7; pl. 40, fig. 3, 1896 (not Lamarck). 
Berry, New York Bot. Garden Bull., vol. 3, p. 93, pl. 
44, 1903; Torrey Bot. Club Bull., vol. 31, p. 79, pl. 
4, fig. 12, 1904. 
Aralia rotundiloba Hollick, New York Acad. Sci. Annals, 
vol. 11, p. 421, pl. 38, fig. 2,.1898. 
Aralia polymorpha Newberry, Flora of the Amboy clays, 
p. 118, pl. 39, figs. 1-5, 1896. - 
Aralia sp. Hollick, New York State Mus. Ann. Rept., vol. 
, 55, p. 155, 1903. | 
Leaves very variable in size and outline, 
palmately three to five lobed. Lobes conical, 
obtusely rounded. Sinuses open, shallow, 
rounded. Margins entire, somewhat undulate 
basally. Petiolelong and stout. Midrib stout, 
more or less curved or flexuous. Primaries 
thrée to five, from the base, prominent, run- 
ning to the tips of the lobes. Secondaries very 
slender, camptodrome. The middle lobe is 
usually longest and broadest, and the basal 
lateral lobes may be reduced to subordinate 
and but slightly marked parts of the main lat- 
eral lobes. 
The relative development of the apical or 
basal lobes and the depth of the intervening 
sinuses greatly alter the appearance of these 
leaves. Some are symmetrical and others de- 
cidedly unsymmetrical; some are preeminently 
three lobed and sublobate and others are five 
lobed with additional incipient lobes. The 
variations are almost exactly comparable with 
the similar variations in the leaves of the mod- 
ern Sassafras, Sterculia, and Araliaceae. 
There seems to be no basis for maintaining 
the distinctions between the forms united in 
