Description of Native Trees 



l6o. Black Spruce. (Picea mariana.) 



Leaf : y^'-^', 4-angled, apex sharp, dark green or with white 

 bloom, growing from all sides of branch. Cone : oval or long- 

 ovate, I'-I^' long, hanging two or three years ; scales with up- 

 per edge often slightly eroded. Northern New England and 

 New York, and along the Alleghanies. 



161. Red Spruce. (Picea rubens.) 



Leaf : %'-'^\ 4-angled, apex sharp, dark glossy green when 

 mature, growing from all sides of branch. Cone : 1%'-^', long- 

 ovate, not hanging over ■winter; a little more southerly than black 

 spruce, of which it is perhaps a variety. 



162. Norvray Spruce. (Picea excelsa.) 



Leaf : much as in white spruce (159), but tree identified by 

 conspicuous drooping of branchlets, especially in older trees, and 

 by great length of cones (4'-6') ; introduced, but becoming spon- 

 taneous. 



163. Hemlock. Hemlock Spruce. (Tsuga canadensis.) 



Leaf : about %',Jlat, apex rounded, pliant, mostly 2-ranked, 

 i.e., growing on two opposite sides of branch. Cone: yi'-^', 

 oval, remains through one winter ; commonest northward. (PI. 

 XV.) 



164. Balsam Fir. Balm of Gilead Fir. (Abies balsamea.) 



Leaf: y^-i , flat, apex usually pointed, pliant, not 2-ranked, 

 as in hemlock. Cone : 2'-4', cylindrical, erect on branch (in 

 other evergreens it droops) ; trunk thickly blistered, exuding an 

 aromatic gum. South to Pennsylvania, and along Alleghanies ; 

 prefers damp woods. 



165. Southern Balsam Fir. (Abies fraseri.) 



Leaf : as in 164 ; chief difference in the cone, which is only 

 l'-2' long, and long-ovate. Mountains of Pennsylvania and Vir- 

 ginia. 



237 



