Description of Native Shrubs 



157. Common Buckthorn. (Rhamnus cathartica.) 

 Leaf : 1-3', simple, alternate, finely serrate, ovate. Flower : 

 p., greenish (petals 4, notched at apex, the 4 stamens standing 

 opposite (directly before) them ; sometimes no petals), clustered 

 along branch ; May, June ; branchlets thorny. Introduced, but 

 now slightly spontaneous in Eastern States ; used for hedges. 



158. Lance-leaved Buckthorn. (Rhamnus lanceolata.) 

 Leaf : 1-3', simple, alternate, finely serrate, lance-shaped (or 

 oblong on flowering branches). Flower : much as in 157, but 

 petals deeply notched ; May. Pennsylvania to Illinois ; not 

 thorny. 



159. Alder-leaved Buckthorn. (Rhamnus alnifolia.) 

 Leaf : i'-3', simple, alternate, serrate, oval, apex sharp. 

 Flower : greenish, small (no corolla, calyx 5-lobed, 5 stamens 

 alternating with calyx-lobes), in clusters along branch, staminate 

 and pistillate commonly on different plants ; June. Maine to 

 Pennsylvania and Illinois ; 2°-4° high ; thomless. 



160. Prickly Gooseberry. (Ribes cynosbati.) 

 Leap : l'-2', simple, alternate, serrate, 3-5-lobed, roundish- 

 heart-shaped. Flower : p., greenish, small (petals and stamens 

 5, style undivided), 1-3-clustered on slender stem ; stamens not 

 longer than broad calyx ; May ; 1-3 prickles on branch near base 

 of leaf-stem ; berry large, brownish-purple, long-prickly (rarely 

 none). Commonest northward ; 2°-4° high. (PI. VIII.) 



161. Common Wild Gooseberry. (Ribes oxyacanthoides.) 

 Leaf : 1-2', as in 160. Flower : as in 160, but stamens 

 scarcely longer than bell-shaped calyx ; style 2-lobed at apex ; 1-2 

 on very short stems ; May ; branches smooth or prickly ; fruit 

 smooth, purple, small. New England to Illinois ; moist ground. 

 (PI. VIII.) 



162. Round-leaved Gooseberry. (Ribes rotundifolium.) 

 Leaf ^ as in 160, but more roundish, and commonly not cordate. 

 Flower : as in 160, but stamens longer than cylindrical calyx ; 

 291 



