SMALL FRUITS IO5 



even those that have been used once. If the juice 

 is made as I have indicated, and fresh rubbers are 

 used each year, there will be little loss from fer- 

 mentation. When the grape juice is used, it is 

 diluted to suit the taste." 



THE RASPBERRY 



There are four classes of American raspberries. 

 Two of these, the white and the red, belong to the 

 same species. The third is the black raspberry, or 

 blackcap, which forms a class by itself. The fourth 

 class is a hybrid be- 

 tween the red and the 

 black. The cultivation 

 of all these is the same 

 except that the black 

 varieties need some- 

 what more room than 

 the others. All kinds 

 do best on rich soil, holding raspberry 



preferably strong, deep wires tight 



loam. This gives the 



best crop. On sandy, gravelly, or stiff clay soils, the 

 plants cannot be relied upon to give good yields. The 

 deeper the soil, the better. Like the blackberry, 

 the stems of the raspberry are biennial ; that is, they 

 produce canes one year from a perennial root and 

 bear fruit the following year, then die and new 

 shoots take their places. On this account stems that 

 have borne fruit should be cut out immediately after 

 fruiting, because they are of no further use. 



While all these fruits send up new canes from 

 the base of the plant, the reds and the blackberries 

 may send suckers from any point where the roots 

 are broken, so will the hybrid kinds, which will 



