MUGIL. 79 



close together at the base. Anal fin opposite the second dorsal, wiih 

 3 feeble spines. Vertebree 24 (12+12). 



Distributed over all the temperate and tropical regions of the world ; 

 breeding in salt water. 



Most, if not all, of the following species enter fresh waters, at least 

 in some parts of their habitat. Only African specimens are recorded in 

 this catalogue. 



Synopsis of the Species. 



I. Caudal deeply emarginate. 



A. 39-47 scales in a longitudinal series ; a large scaly process in axil of 



pectoral fin, which is shorter than head. 



1. Eye with a much-developed adipose lid ; pectoral f to | length of head; 



anal usually with 8 soft rays. 

 Mouth, seen from below, forming an obtuse 



angle 1. M. cepJialus, L., p. 80. 



Mouth forming a right angle 2. ^1/. oeur, Forsk., p. 82. 



2. Adipose eyelid rudimentary ; pec- 



toral 5 to f length of head ; anal 



usually with 9 soft rays .... 3. M. capita, Qxxx., p. 83. 



B. 39-46 scales in a longitudinal series ; no scaly process in axil of pectoral. 



1. Upper lip not more than half diameter of eye. 

 40-46 scales in a longitudinal series ; pectoral 



I to f length of head ; anal with 9 soft 



rays - 4. 3/. saliens, Risso, p. 85. 



40-46 scales ; pectoral | to once length of 



head ; anal with 9 (rarely 8) soft rays . 5. M. auratus, Hisso, p. 86. 

 39-42 scales ; pectoral as long as head or a 



little shorter ; anal with 11 soft rays . . 6. M. falcipinnis, C. & V., p. 88. 



2. Upper lip thick, papillose, more than 



half diameter of eye ; 41-45 scales ; 

 pectoral | to | length of head ; 



anal with 9 soft rays 7. M. clielo, Cuv., p. 89. 



(;. 31-42 scales in a longitudinal series ; a large scaly process in axil of 

 pectoral ; anal with 9 soft rays. 

 38-42 scales ; pectoral as long as head ... 8. M. selieli, Forsk., p. 91. 

 35-38 scales ; pectoral Httle more than f length 



of Lead 9. vf/. robustus, Gthr., p. 92. 



31-33 scales ; pectoral as long as head . . .10. M. ceylonensis, Gthr.^ p. 93. 

 D. 27-35 scales in a longitudinal series ; no scaly process in axil of pectoral ; 

 anal with 9 soft rays. 

 30-35 scales ; pectoral f to % length of head . 11. M. macrolepis, A. Smith, p. 94. 



