80 MUGILID-E. 



34-35 scales; pectoral as long as head . . .12. M. Iwefleri, Stdr., p. 9G. 

 27-30 scales ; pectoral as long as or slightly [p. 9(5. 



shorter than head 13. JY. grandisquamis, (,!. & V., 



II. Caud.il feebly emarginate ; 2(j-27 scales 

 in a longitudinal series ; no scaly pro- 

 cess in axil o£ pectoral ; anal with 7-8 

 soft rays li. M. vaigiensis, Q. & G., p. 97. 



1. MUGIL CEPHALUS. 



Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 520 (1766); Sonnini, Voy. Egypte, ii. p. 296, pi. xxiii. 



fig. 2 (1799) ; Delaroche, Ann. Mus. xiii. 1809, p. 358, pi. xx. fig. 4; L\\\. 



Regne Anini. 2nd ed. ii. p. 231 (1829) ; Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital., Peso. 



(1834) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xi. p. 19, pi. cccvii. (1836) ; Lowe, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1843, p. ?,& ; Guichen. Explor. Alg., Poiss. p. 67 (1850); Gilntli. 



Cat. Fish. iii. p. 417 (1861) ; Blanch. Poiss. France, p. 231 (1866) ; Steind. 



Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ivii. i. 1868, p. 680 ; Gihith. Potherick's Trav. ii. p. 209 



(1869) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i. 1870, p. 952 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, 



iii. p. 183 (1881) ; Jord. & Everni. Fish. N. Ainer. p. 811 (1896) ; Bouleng. 



Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 353 (1901) ; H. W. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Philad. Iv. 1904, 



pp. 743 & 744, fig. ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 429, pi. Ix.xx. fig. 1 (1907). 

 Mug'd albula, Linn. t. c. p. 520. 



Mvgil tang, Blocli, Nat. Ausl. Fisclie, viii. p. 171, pi. cccxcv. (1793). 

 Mu'jil phunieri, Bloch, t. c. p. 173, pi. cccxcvi. 

 Miigil lineatiis, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 96. 

 Muij'd conUantia' , Cuv. it Val. t. c. p. 107 ; A. Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr., Fishes 



pi. xxviii. fig. 1 (1846); Casteln. Mem. Poiss. Afr. Aiistr. p. 48 (l.SGL) ; 



Gihith. Cat. t. c. p. 418, fig. 

 Mi((jil borhoniciis, Cu/. & Val. t. c. p. 113 ; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 395 



pi. xlii. fig. 3 (1891). 

 Muijil rammelshergn, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Iclith. p. 20 (I.'^IS). 

 Miigil berlandieri, Girard, U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. i. Iclith. p. 20 pi. x. fitrg. i_4 



' (1859). 

 ? Mugil camptoslensit:, Casteln. op. cit p. 48. 

 Afugil gaentheii. Gill, Proc. Ac. Pliilad. 1863, p. 169. 

 Mugil ashanteensis, Bleek. Nat. Verb. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863 no. 2 ti 91 



pi. xix. fig. 2 ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i. 1870, p. 953. 

 Mugil mexicanus, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixiii. i. 1875, p. 58, pi. viii. 



Depth of body 3| to 5 times in total length, length of head 4 to 4i 

 times (less in the very young). Snout as long as eye in adult, shorter 

 in young ; eye perfectly lateral in young, better visible trom below than 

 from above in adult, partly covered by a much developed adijiose lid, 



