4 e Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 



11. August 4, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Brackish 

 pond near creek outlet. Females with ephippia and many cast ephippia. 



12. August 10, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Lake. 

 Females with ephippia. 



13. September 23, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Brack- 

 ish pond near creek outlet. Ice one foot, water three to four feet. Ephippia. 



14. October 6, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Tundra 

 ponds on top of ridge southeast of harbour. Depth of water about one foot. 

 Temperature of water 33° F. A few specimens. 



15. May 25, 1916. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories Brackish 

 pond near creek outlet. Ephippia. 



16. June 17, 1916. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Pond on 

 south side of Chantry island. Temperature of water 50° F. Young (just hatched) 

 and ephippia. 



17. Junfe 20 and 30, 1916. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. 

 Brackish porid near creek outlet. Young and ephippia. 



18. July 3, 1916. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Tundra ponds 

 (see fig. 4) on ridge southwest of harbour. Temperature of water 55° F. 

 Common, immature. 



19. July 10, 1916. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Brackish 

 pond. Females carrying parthenogenetic eggs. 



20. Jujy 26, 1916. Cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories. Waterhole in 

 brook-swamp on tundra. Much vegetation. Abundant, various sizes. 



21. July 30, 1916. Herschel island, Yukon Territory. Pond on south 

 end of island. Elevation about 100 feet. Many individuals of different sizes. 



The specimens in the various catches seem to show that the ephippia or 

 winter eggs begin to hatch in June, most of them probably hatching during the 

 latter half of this month; females bearing parthenogenetic or summer eggs 

 appear about the first week in July, while the males and ephippial females make 

 their appearance in late July and in August. The season, therefore, is a rela- 

 tively short one. 



The material from the United States National Museum contained Daphnia 

 pulex typica from Battle harbour, Labrador; from Point Barrow, Alaska, col- 

 lected in July, 1882; and from Polaris bay, Greenland, collected by the United 

 States North Polar Expedition on August 1, 1872". The material from Polaris 

 bay consists of several hundred specimens, the great majority being females 

 with ephippia. Polaris bay is located in about 82° N. latitude, which seems to 

 be the most northerly record, so far, for any of the Cladocera. In the north 

 this form has also been reported from Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, Fullerton on 

 west side of Hudson bay, and St. Paul island, Bering Sea. In the southern 

 hemisphere it has been found as far south as the Falkland islands and Tierra 

 del Fuego (Ekman). 



A few specimens of D. pulex forma aestivalis Lilljeborg were noted in a catch 

 obtained from a brackish pond between a big lake and the sea at Teller (Port 

 Clarence), Alaska, on August 3, 1913. 



Three specimens of D. pulex var. middendorffiana Fischer were found in a 

 catch from a pond on the east end of Herschel island, Yukon Territory, taken 

 on August 14, 1914. All were females carrying parthenogenetic eggs. This 

 variety has also been noted in nbrthern Europe, in Siberia, and in the New 

 Siberian islands. 



Daphnia longispina O. F. Mueller. 



A few specimens of D. longispina typica were present in a catch obtained 

 from ponds on higher tundra in the vicinity of Teller (Port Clarence), Alaska, 

 on August 6, 1913. Differ eht sizes were nbted. 



One bottle in the United States National Museum contained typical speci- 

 mens of this species collected on Bering island in 1882. 



