INDEX 



195 



Evolution in plants, cause of, i8l. 

 suggestions as to possible future 



lines of, 178. 

 Expedition, requirements for collecting, 



183. 

 Extinct families, 44 



Ferns, sporangia of, 67, ^5. 



— connection with Pteridosperms, 123. 



— description of group, 124. 



— fructifications of among fossils, 131, 



132, g2. 



— general distribution of in time, 177. 



— germinating spores of, 68, 4.J. 

 Fictis, 83. 



Flotsam, 6. 



Flowering plant, anatomy of stem, 49, ig. 

 Formation of rocks, key to processes, 6. 

 Fossil plants, indications of ancient cli- 

 mates and conditions, 168. 

 diagram illustration the distribution 



of, 177, 132. 



Fungi, fossils of, 164. 



— parasitic, iig, 164, 165, 120. 



Gamopetalae, 84. 



Gannister, 25, 14. 



Geikie, 186. 



Ginkgo, leaf impression, 14, 7, 100, 6g. 



— comparison with Cycas seeds, 112. 



— distribution in the past, 168. 



— embryo of, 100. 



— epidermis of fossil, 14, S, too. 



— foliage of, 99, 66. 



— only living species of genus, 98, 70. 



— possible common origin with Cordaites, 



102. 



— ripe seed of, 99, 6y. 



— section of seed of, 100, 61?. 



— seed structure of, 76, S7- 



— similarity to Cordaites, 96. 

 Ginkgoacese, 88. 

 Ginkgoales, 88, 98. 



— description of group, 98. 



— general-distribution in time, 177. 

 Glacial epoch, 170. 

 Glossopteris, 173. 

 Glyptostrobus, 86. 

 Gondwanaland, 173. 



Grand'Eury, 186. 



Gum, 17. 



Gymnosperms, 38, 41, 44, 86, 176, 179. 



— connection with Pteridosperms, 124. 



— general distribution in time, 177. 



— relations between the groups of, 88, 



89, 90. 



Hairs, 54, 22, 70. 



— special forms among fossils, 70. 

 Heterangium, 119, 122, 123, 127. 



— foliage of, 120. 



— stem of, 120, 81. 

 HoLLiCK and Jeffrey, 89. 

 Horsetails, description of group, 145. 

 HUTTON, 2. 



Impression, form of fossil, ^, 12, 13, 6, 

 14. 7, IS, 80, 81, S9> 60. 



— treatment of specimens of, 184. 

 Investigators of fossil plants, 2. 

 Iron sulphide, 20. 



Jet, 17- 

 Juglandaceae, 83. 



Kauri pine, 93. 

 Kew Gardens, 98. 

 KiDSTON, i86.' 



Labelling of specimens, 185. 

 Lagenostoma, 76,^6, 118, 119, So. 

 Laminaria, 166. 

 Lap WORTH, 186. 

 Latex cells, 55, 27. 

 Lauraceas, 85. 

 Laurent, 186. 



Leaves, starch manufacture in cells ot, 

 S8. 



— fossil leaf anatomy, 59, 34. 



— general similarity of living and fossil, 



58. 

 Lepidocarpon, 141, 100. 

 Lepidodendron, 9, 10, 3, 21, 12, 67, 46, 



72, 7S> 134. I44> I45> IS7. 160, 171. 



— anatomy of stem of, 136, 137, 9^', 138, 



96. 139. 97- 



— comparison of reproductive organs with 



those of living lycopods, 67, 46. 



