196 



ANCIENT PLANTS 



Lepidodeudrou, description of, 134. / ^3 



— distribution in the past, 177. 



— ■ fructification of, 139, 140, 91?, 141, 99. 



— huge stumps of, 134, frontispiece. 



— leaf bases, 10, j, 135, gj. 



— leaf traces of, 139, 97. 



— peculiar fructification of, 75, S4- 



— petrifaction of leaves, 2 1 , I2. 



— rootlike organs of, 69. 



— secondary thickening in, 70, 4.S, 71, ^p. 



— selaginoides, stem of, 137, jy. 



— wood of, 70, 48, 71, 4g. 

 Liliaceae, 82. 



Limestone, 7, i, 24, 25, 36. 

 LiNDLEY, 2, 186. 

 Literature on fossil plants, 186. 

 Lithothamnion, 166. 

 Liverworts, 163. 



Lycopods, 38, 40, 42, 44, 67, 133, 175. 



— description of group, 133. 



— general distribution in time, 177- 



— reproductive organs of, 67, 4b. 



— secondary wood in fossil, 70, 48, 71, 4g. 

 Lyell, 186. 



Lyginodendron, 115, 116, 122. 



— anatomy of stem of, 116, /^A. 



— petioles of, 117, 118, 79. 



— roots of, 117, 7<?B. 



— seeds of, 118, 119, 80. 



Magnolia, 83. 

 Marattia, 130. 

 Marattiacese, 125, 129. 



— appearance of, 130. 



— description of group, 129. 

 Marchantites, 163. 



Medullosa, 72, 73, 119, 120, 121,82, 83, 

 122, 123. 



— foliage of, 121, 83. 



-^ probable seeds of, 121. 



— steles of, 72, _yo, 73, ^i, 120. 

 Mesozoic, character of flora, 40. 

 Metaxylem, 57, 31. 

 Mycorhiza, 165. 

 Micrococcus, 167. 

 Monocotyledons, 41, 44, 79. 



— relative antiquity of, 81, 82. 

 Monostelic anatomy, 63, 126. 

 Mosses, scarcity of fossils of, 162. 



Mosses, fossils of, 163. 

 Mountain building, from deposits under 

 water, 6. 



slow and continuous changes, 35. 



Muscites, 163. 

 Mutation, 181. 



Nematophycits, 166. 



Neuropteris, leaf impression, 6, 13. 



— foliage of Medullosa, 122. 



— with seed attached, 122, 8s- 

 Nipa, 85. 



Nodules, 15, 16, 9. 

 Nucleus, 47, z/. 



Oliver, 187. 

 Osmunda, 125. 



Ovule, word unsuitable for palaeozoic 

 "seeds", 77. 



Palisade cells, 55, 25'. 



— tissue in leaves, 58. 



fossil leaf, 59, 34. 



Palms, 85. 

 Parenchyma, 55, 24. 

 Petrifaction of cells, 4. 

 Petrifactions, 17. 



— of forest debris, 18. 



— treatment of specimens of, 184. 

 Phyllotheca, 173. 



Plant, parts of, the same in living and 

 fossil, 59. 



— world, main femilies in, 44. 

 Platantis, 83. 

 Polypodiacese, 124. 

 Polystelic anatomy, 63, 72. 

 Populus, 83, 85. 

 Poroxyleje, 88. 



— description of group of, 96. 

 Poroxylon, anatomy of, 97, 1 16. 

 Primitive plants, 46. 

 Primofilices, 132. 

 Protococcoidese, 47, 77. 

 Protodamtnara, 89. 

 Protoplasm, 47. 



Protostele, 62, 70. 

 Protoxylem, 57, 31. 

 Psaronius, 129, 130. 



— stem anatomy of, 131, 9/. 



