486 LEPIPOPTERA. 



find are not so apt to be wormy as the thin-skinned summer 



apples. The eggs begin to hatch in a few days after they 



are laid, and the little apple-worms or caterpillars produced 



from them immediately burrow into the apples, making their 



way gradually from the eye towards the core. Commonly 



only one worm will be found in the same apple; and it 



is so small at first, that its presence can only be detected 



by the brownish powder it throws out in eating its way 



through the eye. The body of the young insect is of a 



whitish color ; its head is heart-shaped and black ; the top 



of the first ring or collar and of the last ring is also black ; 



and there are eight little blackish dots or warts, arranged 



in pairs, on each of the other rings. As it grows older, 



its body becomes flesh-colored; its head, the collar, and 



the top of the last ring turn brown, and the dots are no 



longer to be seen. In the course of three weeks, or a little 



more, it comes to its full size, and meanwhile has burrowed 



. ' . . . 



to the core and through the apple in various directions. 



To get rid of the refuse fragments of its food, it gnaws a 



round hole through the side of the apple, and thrusts them 



out of the opening. Through this hole also the insect makes 



its escape after the apple falls to the ground ; and the falling 



of the fruit is well known to be hastened by the injury it 



has received within, which generally causes it to ripen before 



its time. 



Soon after the half-grown apples drop, and sometimes 



while they are still hanging, the worms leave them and 



creep into chinks in the bark of the trees, or into other 



sheltered places, which they hollow out with their teeth to 



suit their shape. Here each one spins for itself a cocoon 



or silken case, as thin, delicate, and white as tissue paper. 



Some of the apple-worms, probably the earliest, are said 



by Kollar to change to chrysalids immediately after their 



cocoons are made, and in a few days more' turn to moths, 



come out, and lay their eggs for a second generation of the 



worms ; and hence much fruit will be found to be worm- 



