MENTAL POWERS OF MAN AND LOWER ANIMALS. I77 



MAN AND THE LOWEK ANIMALS EXCITED BT THE SAME 

 EMOTIONS. 



p The fact that the lower animals are excited 



by the same emotions as ourselyes is so veil 

 established that it will not be necessary to weary the 

 reader by many details. Terror acts in the same manner 

 on them as on us, causing the muscles to tremble, the 

 heart to palpitate, the sphincters to be relaxed, and the 

 hair to stand on end. Suspicion, the offspring of fear, 

 is eminently characteristic of most wild animals. It is, I 

 think, impossible to read the account giyen by Sir E. 

 Tennent, of the behavior of the female elephants, used 

 as decoys, without admitting that they intentionally prac- 

 tice deceit, and well know what they are about. Courage 

 and timidity are extremely variable qualities in the indi- 

 viduals of the same species, as is plainly seen in our dogs. 

 Some dogs and horses are ill-tempered, and easily turn 

 sulky ; others are good-tempered ; and these qualities are 

 certainly inherited. Every one knows how liable animals 

 are to furious rage, and how plainly they show it. Many, 

 and probably true, anecdotes have been published on the 

 long-delayed and artful revenge of various animals. The 

 accurate Eengger and Brehm state that the American 

 and African monkeys which they kept tame certainly 

 revenged themselves. Sir Andrew Smith, a zoologist 

 whose scrupidous accuracy was known to many persons, 

 told me the following story of which he was himself an 

 eye-witness : At the Cape of Good Hope an oflScer had 

 often plagued a certain baboon, and the animal, seeing 

 him approaching one Sunday for parade, poured water. 

 into a hole and hastily made some thick mud, which he 

 skillfully dashed over the officer as he passed by, to the 

 amusement of many by-standers. For long afterward 



