MENTAL POWERS OF MAN AND LOWER ANIMALS. 181 



qualities, such as in affection, trustworthiness, temper, 

 and probably in general intelligence. 



THE POWER 05 ASSOCIATION IN DOG AND SAVAGE. 



Descent '^^^ savage and the dog haye often found 



of Man, water at a low level, and the coincidence under 

 ^*^^ ■ such circumstances has become associated in 

 their minds. A cultivated man would perhaps make 

 some general proposition on the subject ; but from all 

 that we know of savages it is extremely doubtful whether 

 they would do so, and a dog certainly would not. But a 

 savage, as well as a dog, would search in the same way, 

 though frequently disappointed ; and in both it seems to 

 be equally an act of reason, whether or not any general 

 proposition on the subject is consciously placed before the 

 mind. The same would apply to the elephant and the 

 bear making currents in the air or water. The savage 

 would certainly neither know nor care by what law the 

 desired movements were effected ; yet his act would be 

 guided by a rude process of reasoning, as surely as would 

 a philosopher in his longest chain of deductions. There 

 would no doubt be this difference between him and one 

 of the higher animals, that he would take notice of much 

 slighter circumstances and conditions, and would observe 

 any connection between them after much less experience, 

 and this would be of paramount importance. I kept a 

 daily record of the actions of one of my infants, and 

 when he was about eleven months old, and before he 

 could speak a single word, I was continually struck with 

 the greater quickness with which all sorts of objects and 

 sounds were associated together in his mind, compared 

 with that of the most intelligent dogs I ever knew. But 

 the higher animals differ in exactly the same way in this 



