EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS IN MAN AND ANIMALS. 267 



^ The heart will be all the more readily 



affected through habitual associations, as it 

 is not under the control of the will. A man when mod- 

 erately angry, or even when enraged, may command the 

 movements of his body, but he can not prevent his heart 

 from beating rapidly. His chest will, perhaps, give a few 

 heaves, and his nostrils just quiver, for the movements of 

 respiration are only in part voluntary. In like manner, 

 those muscles of the face which are least obedient to the 

 win wiU sometimes alone betray a slight and passing 

 emotion. The glands, again, are wholly independent of 

 the will, and a man suffering from grief may command 

 his features, but can not always prevent the tears from 

 coming into his eyes. A hungry man, if tempting food 

 is placed before him, may not show his hunger by any 

 outward gesture, but he can not check the secretion of 

 saliva. 



„ u^ With all, or almost all, animals, even with 



birds, terror causes the body to tremble. The 

 skin becomes pale, sweat breaks out, and the hair bris- 

 tles. 



A physician once remarked to me, as a 

 Page 79 



' proof of the exciting nature of anger, that a 



man when excessively jaded will sometimes invent imagi- 

 nary offenses, and put himself into a passion, unconscious- 

 ly, for the sake of reinvigorating himself ; and, since hear- 

 ing this remark, I have occasionally recognized its full 

 truth. 



Exertion stimulates the heart, and this re- 

 ^^ ' acts on the brain, and aids the mind to bear 

 its heavy load. 



