FLOWERS : TKEIR FORMS AND KINDS. 



73 



214. Stamens united are also common. They may be united by their filaments 

 or by their anthers. In the Cardinal-flower (Fig. 184), and otlier Lobelias, both 

 the anthers (a) and the filaments (f) are united into a 



tube. So also in the Pumpkin and Squash. Botanists 

 use the following terms to express the different ways 

 in which stamens may be connected. They are 



Syngenesious, when the anthers are united into a ring 

 or tube, as in Lobelia (Fig. 184 a), and in the Sun- 

 flower, and all that family. 



Monadelphous (i. e. in one brotherhood), 

 when the filaments are united all into one 

 set or tube, as in Lobelia (Fig. 184_/'), and 

 the Mallow Family (Fig. 185) ; also in 

 Passion-flowers and Lupines (Fig. 187). i84. Lobeha, 



Diadelphous (in two brotherhoods), when the filaments are united 

 in two sets. Fig. 186 shows this in the Pea, and the like, where 

 nine stamens are combined in one set and 

 one stamen is left for the other. 



Triadelphous (in three brotherhoods), 

 when the filaments are united or collected 

 in three sets, as in the Common St. John's-wort or Hy- 

 pericum (Fig. 297) ; and ' 



Polyadelphous (in many brotherhoods), when combined 

 in more than three sets, as in some St. John's-worts. 



215. Pistils united are very common. Two, three, four, 

 or more grow together at the time of their formation, 

 and make a Compound Pistil. Indeed, wherever there 



is a single pistil to a flower, it is much oftener a compound pistil than a simple 

 one. But, of course, when the pistils of a flower are more than one, they are all 

 simple. Pistils may be united in every degree, and by their ovaries only, by their 

 styles only (as they are slightly in Prickly-Ash), or even by their stigmas only (as 

 m Milkweeds), or by all three. But more commonly the ovaries are united into 

 one Compound Ovary, while the styles or stigmas are partly separate or distinct. 

 Three degrees of union are shown in these figures. Fig. 188, two pistiL of a Saxi- 

 frage, their ovaries united only part way up (cut across both above and beloAi^). 



