160 



POPULAR FLORA. 



4. Sarsapai'.illa A. Roots very long and slender, horizontal (used as a substitute for sarsaparilla); 

 the compound long-stalked leaf, and the naked flower-stalk bearing few umbels, rising separately 

 from the ground. Moist woods. A., imdicaulis. 



Ginseng. Aratta, § Ginseng. 

 Styles 2 or 3. Flowers white. Berries red or reddish when ripe. Low herbs with simple stems, 

 bearing at the top a whorl of leavgs and one long-stalked umbel. 



1. Teub Ginseng. Eoot long and large, warm-aromatic ; leaflets 5. Eich woods, N. A. guinquefuUa 



2. DwAKF G. (or Groundnut). Root round, sharp-tasted ; leaflets 3 or 5; stem 4' to 6' high. Damp 



woods, N. Fl. spring. A. trifblia. 



45. CORNEL FAMILY. Order CORNACE^. 

 Shrubs or trees (except our Dwarf Cornel), the calyx coherent with the ovary, which 

 makes a, berry-like stone-fruit; represented (except 

 by the Tupelo or Pepperidge-tree, Nyssa, here 

 omitted) only by the genus 



1. Cornel (or Dogwood). Cornus. 

 Petals 4 and stamens 4, on the ovary. Teeth of the calj'X 

 4, very small. Style 1. Ovary 2-celled, in fruit berry-like 

 with a 2-seeded stone. Leaves entire, opposite, except in 

 No. 7. Flowers in spring or early summer. 

 * Flowers greenish, in a head, which is surrounded by a 

 4-leaved involucre resembling a large white corolla ; 

 fruit bright red. 



1. DwAKF Cornel (or Bunchberky). Herb low, with 4 



or 6 leaves near the top. Damp woods. C. Canadensis. 



2. Flowering C. or Dogwood. Tree; leaves of the co- 



rolla-like involucre obcordate. C.Jldrida. 



# * Flowers white, in flat and open cymes: shrubs 



3. Round-leaved C. Branches greenish, warty-dotted ; 



leaves round-oval, woolly beneath ; fruit pale blue. 

 Woods. C. circinata. 



4. Silky C. Branches purple ; young stalks and lower 



side of the ovate or oblong leaves silky woolly ; fruit 

 pale blue. Swamps. C- sencea. 



5. Eed-Osier C. Branches red-purple; leaves ovate, smooth, white and roughish beneath; fruit 



white. Wet banks of streams. C. stolonifera 



6. Panicled G. Branches gray; leaves lance-ovate ; cymes convex; fruit white. C. panicidata. 



7. Alternate-lea\'ED C. Branches greenish streaked with white; leaves crowded at the ends ot 



the shoots, but alternate; leaves pointed; fruit bright blue. Hill-sides. C. alternifdlia. 



385, Dwarf Cornel. 386, A separate flower 

 enlargefi. 387 A fruit cut across. 



