166 



POPULAR FLORA. 



there are five chalTy and pointed scales (Fig 409). But more commonly the pappus con- 

 sists of bristles, or downy hairs (as its name denotes). Asters, Groundsels, and especially 



Thistles, afFord most familiar examples of such a 

 hairy or downy pappus ; those of Thistles, &c. 

 in autumn sailing about in every breeze. Fig. 

 411 shows the verj' soft downy pappus of Sow- 

 Thistle. Fig. 410, that of the Dandelion ; this is 

 raised upon a long beak to the akcne, which 

 lengthens greatly after flowering. 



This family contains about an eighth or tenth 

 part of all Flowering plants. But it is too difh- 

 cult for the beginner. So we here barely men- 



404. Half of n heaJ of « 



tion a few of the common plants which belong to it. 



405. Slice of the same, enlarged, with one ray-flower, and part of another, and one perfect disk-flower (n) , with its bract or chalT i6J. 



1. Among those which have no rays, or strap-shaped corollas, are Thislles, Burdock, 

 Everlasting and Cudweed, Wormwood, Thorouyliwort or 

 Eupalorium, Bulton-Snakeroot, and Ironweed. 



2. With rays or strap-shaped corollas at the margin 

 (either neutral or pistillate), and tubular flowers in the 

 centre ; CoUsfoot, Aster, Fteabane, Daisy, Golden-rod, 

 Sunflower, Coreopsis, jSIaywecd, Chamomile, ^w 



3. With all the flowers strap-shaped and perfect (and 



in this division the plants have a milky juice) : Cichory or Succory (Fig. 402), Salsify, 

 Hawkweed, Sow-thistlCj Dandelion^ and Lettuce. 



