1 - BARIUM 129 



chloride. It may also be given subcutaneously, diluted with as much as 

 20 parts of water, and in purpura hemorrhagica is more efficient because 

 sometimes not absorbed from the digestive tract in this disorder. It has 

 been found that removal of the parathyroids in dogs causes lime starva- 

 tion of the body and tetany. Also that lack of lime in the body favors 

 muscular twitching, transudation, itch and edema. Therefore calcium 

 chloride or lactate is given internally to relieve epilepsy, pleural effu- 

 sions, urticaria, itching, bronchial asthma (spasm and edema), angio- 

 neurotic edema, and rashes caused by injection of foreign serums. Cal- 

 cium chloride solution added to poultices hastens the ripening of boils. 

 It is necessary for the clotting of milk by rennin, and is often used to 

 thicken cream when it is beaten. It is thought that the gelatin owes its 

 power in arresting hemorrhage to the calcium (0.6 per cent.) contained 

 in it. Unless gelatin is sterilized fractionally for half an hour on three 

 to five successive days, tetanus may ensue when it is injected under the 

 skin, and numerous cases have been reported following such use in human 

 surgery. Merck sells a perfectly sterilized gelatin. The simplest man- 

 ner of employing gelatin to arrest hemorrhage internally is by injection 

 per rectum; 1% ounces for small animals and 10 ounces to a pint for 

 larger animals of the following aqueous solution, given at body tempera- 

 ture after the bowel has received a cleansing enema of boiled water. 

 The solution is made of gelatin to the amount of 6 per cent, and calcium 

 chloride to the amount of 1 per cent., to which a little laudanum may be 

 added to prevent expulsion. It should be repeated every five hours as 

 long as there is danger of hemorrhage. Experiments by H. C. Wood, 

 Jr., appear to show that gelatin may be given ad libitum by the mouth 

 and retain its hemostatic action. 



Calx Chlorinata. (See Chlorine, p. 182.) 

 Calcii Sulphas Exsiccattjs. Dried Calcium Sulphate, or Plaster of Paris, used 



for bandages. 



Barium. 

 (Barium is not used in the metallic state.) • 



Baku CHLORmuM. Barium Chloride. BaClj. (Non-official.) 

 Derivation. — Native barium sulphate is fused with charcoal. The resulting 

 sulphide is treated with hydrochloric acid. BaS04-j-2C = BaS-|-2 CO,. BaS-|-2 

 HCl = BaCl2+H.S. 



Properties. — Occurs in colorless, glistening, rhombic plates; taste bitter and 

 disagreeable; permanent in dry air; soluble in 2.5 parts of cold water, reaction 

 neutral. 



Dose. — H., 3i-ii by mouth; intravenously, gr. xv. 



Action Internal. — Barium chloride is an intense irritant if swallowed 

 in considerable amount and in insufficient dilution. Large medicinal doses 

 stimulate the muscular coat of the bowels and cause increased peristalsis 

 and purging. Evacuations from the bowels follow in horses one-half to 

 one hour after the salt is given in drench ; in one to two hours after 

 administration to these animals in ball ; in a few minutes after intravenous 

 injection. Subcutaneous injection will occasion abscess. The drug re- 

 sembles physostigmine in its action on the intestines. 



Heart and Blood Vessels. — Barium chloride makes the ventricular 



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