183 INORGANIC AGENTS 



workers in phosphorus^ is unlikely to occur in the lower animals. Acute 

 poisoning is treated by emptying the stomach with a stomach tube or 

 by giving copper sulphate; the latter forming an insoluble phosphide of 

 copper. Cathartics should also be administered. Permanganate of pot- 

 ash (H.^ 3ii. in 2 qts. of water; D., gr.xv. in Oss. water) or hydrogen 

 dioxide should be employed as antidotes, for their oxidizing action. Old 

 turpentine is usually recommended as the antidote, but only the French 

 variety is of any value, and that is generally unobtainable. Demulcents 

 and opium are in order after evacuant and antidotal treatment has been 

 carried out, but oil should never be given in phosphorus poisoning, as it 

 assists the solution and absorption of the poison. 



Uses. — Phosphorus is indicated as a stimulant to the growth of bone 

 in rachitis, after fractures, and in osteomalacia; as a nerve stimulant and 

 tonic in conditions of nervous exhaustion and impaired vitality, due to 

 excessive activity of the sexual organs or otherwise. It is used empiri- 

 cally in treatment of boils, acne, and scaly eczema, epilepsy, chorea and 

 paralysis, and has been prescribed with alleged advantage as a general 

 stimulant in pneumonia. 



Administration. — Phosphorus may be given in pill or ball, with cacao 

 butter, or in the oificial preparation to dogs, and in a saturated alcoholic 

 solution to horses. Phosphide of zinc represents the action of phosphorus, 

 and yields phosphuretted hydrogen in its decomposition in the body. It 

 may be given to dogs (gr.1-10) in the form of pills. 



SECTION IX. 

 Chlorine. 



Chlorum. Chlorine. CI. 



(The gas is not official.) 



Calx Chlorinata. Chlorinated Lime. Ca Cl^ O2, Ca Clj. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Synonym. — Calx chlorata; calcaria chlorata, P. G. ; chloride of lime, hypo- 

 chloride of calcium, calcium hypochlorite, bleaching powder or bleach, E. ; chlo- 

 rure de chaux, poudre de Tennant, ou de Knox, Fr.; chlorkalk, bleichkalk, G. 



A preparation often improperly called "chloride of lime." It should contain 

 not less than 30 per cent, of available chlorine. Preserve in air-tight containers, 

 in a cool, dry place. 



Derivation. — Pass chlorine gas over calcium hydrate, when chlorinated lime, 

 a mixture of calcium chloride and hypochlorite results: 2 Ca(OH)2-f-2 CI2 = Ca 

 Clj O,, Ca CI2-I-2 H2O. It may also be regarded as a mixture of lime and chlorine: 

 2 Ca(OH)2+2 CI2 = 2 Ca O, 2 CI2+2 H2O. 



Properties. — A white, or grayish-white granular powder, having the odor of 

 chlorine and a repulsive, saline taste. It becomes moist and gradually decomposes 

 on exposure to air, and, when in such condition, must not be used or dispensed. 

 In water or in alcohol it is only partially soluble. It evolves chlorine on exposure 

 to the air or on addition of an acid. Chlorinated lime possesses an alkaline reac- 

 tion and bleaching properties. 



Dose. — Only of value externally. 



PHEPARATIOK. 



Liquor Calais Chlorinatce. Solution of Chlorinated Lime. (B. P.) 

 This solution should yield about 3 per cent, of chlorine. 

 LiauoR SoD^ Chlorinate. Solution of Chlorinated Soda. (U. S. & B. P.) 

 Synonym. — Liquor sodas chloratae, Labarraque's solution, E.; chlorure de 

 sonde liquide, liqueur de Labarraque, Fr. ; chlornatron losung, bleichfliissigkeit, G. 



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