'^'* fy ^ PREPARATIONS. 



^ Liquor lodi Composit'm. Compound Solution of Iodine. 



(Lugol's Solution.) (U. S. P.) 

 Iodine, 5; potassium iodide, 10; water to mal^e 100. (1-20.) 

 Dose.—n. & C, 5ii-iv, (8-16); D., niii-x, (.12-6). Should be given in one 

 quart of water to tlie larger animals. 



Tinctura lodi. (U. S. P.) 

 Iodine, 70 ; potassium iodide, 60 ; water, 60 ; alcohol to make 1,000. 

 Dose.— H. & C, 3ii-iv, (8-15); D., 1TLi-v, (.06-.3). 

 Tinctura lodi. (B. P.) 

 Dose. — Same as U. S. P. tincture. 



Unguentum lodi. (4 per cent.) (U. S. & B. P.) 

 Too weak for most veterinary purposes. 



Action External. — Iodine is one of the most effective and valuable of 

 antiseptics for surgical purposes. The tincture will kill all pathogenic 

 bacteria in vitro within one minute^ whereas a 1 to 1000 solution of mer- 

 curic bichloride requires more than half an hour to destroy the same 

 microorganisms. Moreover, the tincture has unusual penetrating power 

 on the dry skin, finding its way into the hair follicles and cutaneous 

 glands. 



The tincture of iodine is perhaps- the most efficient and popular dis- 

 infectant for use in sterilizing the skin for operations. But the skin must 

 be dry or the sterilizing effect of the iodine is inhibited. Iodine must not 

 be applied to the wetted skin because the wetting causes the epithelial 

 cells to swell and thus prevents the iodine from penetrating into the 

 sebaceous and sudoriparous glands, the very action upon which the special 

 germicidal action depends. The tincture is also of much worth as an 

 antiseptic on wounds and denudation of the skin caused by harness, 

 bruises, etc. (see p. 513). Iodine acts as a slow, moderate and prolonged 

 irritant upon the skin and mucous membranes. The yellow stain produced 

 by iodine may be removed by ammonia water, alkalies and sodium hypo- 

 sulphite. A small amount of iodine is absorbed through the unbroken 

 skin, and it is thought to have a special resolvent and alterative action 

 over and above that of other counter irritants. Whether this be true or 

 not, its easy mode of application makes it a very convenient counter-irri- 

 tant for local uses. 



Action Internal. — Iodine produces gastro-intestinal irritation and in- 

 flammation in large doses; and in toxic quantities induces colic, vomiting 

 in animals capable of the act, and purging and salivation. The pulse 

 becomes rapid and weak; there is often suppression of urine, and occa- 

 sionally nephritis. Widespread fatty degeneration has been found after 

 fatal poisoning in the lower animals. If there is much starchy material 

 in the bowels, the fecal discharges may be of a bluish color. Aphrodisiac 

 action has been noted in man, following small doses of iodine. The 

 treatment of acute poisoning is embraced in the use of starch by the 

 mouth, or raw eggs, external heat; strychnine, digitalone, alcohol, and 

 atropine subcutaneously. Chronic poisoning by iodine and iodides (iod- 

 ism), in man, commonly causes symptoms analogous to a severe cold in 

 the head, with pain over the frontal sinus, sore throat, running at the 

 eyes and nose, gastric indigestion, together with an acneform, and occa- 

 sionally purpuric or furuncular eruption. 



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