366 VEGETABLE DRUGS 



Vinum Opii. (U. S. P.) 



Dose. — Same as laudanum. 



MoRPHiNA. Morphine. C„ H,„ N O3 + H2O. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Synonym. — Morphia, E.; morphine, Fr.; morphium, morphin, G. 



Derivation. — An alkaloid obtained from opium. 



1. Macerate opium in cold water, forming a solution of morphine meconate. 

 2. Add calcium chloride to precipitate calcium meconate and resins. 8. Evapo- 

 rate solution remaining, which contains morphine hydrochlorate, till it crystallizes; 

 press in flannel to remove narcotine and coloring matter; redissolve; filter; evapo- 

 rate and crystallize repeatedly. 4. Decolorize by digestion with charcoal. 5. 

 Precipitate with ammonia and wash, when pure morphine is separated from 

 codeine. 



Properties. — Colorless or white, shining rhombic prisms, or fine needles, or 

 crystalline powder; odorless and having a bitter taste; permanent in the air; 

 soluble in 3340 parts of water, in 210 parts of alcohol. 



Dose. — Same as salts of morphine, but the latter are preferable on account 

 of their solubility. 



Morphin.* Hydrochloridum. Morphine Hydrochloride. 

 C„H„Oa N H Cl-l-8 H,0. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Derivation. — Morphine is stirred with hot distilled water, to which hydro- 

 chloric acid is gradually added. Morphine hydrochlorate crystallizes out on 

 cooling. 



Properties. — White, silky, glistening needles or cubical masses, or a white, 

 crystalline powder, odorless, and having a bitter taste; permanent in the air. 

 Soluble in 17.6 parts of water, and in 52 parts of alcohol. Soluble in glycerin; 

 insoluble in ether and in chloroform. 



Incompatibility. — Incompatible with all agents containing tannin, alkaline 

 carbonates, lime water, salts of copper, mercury, zinc and lead; and with Fowler's 

 solution of arsenic. 



Dose.— H. & C, gr.ii-x, (.2-.6) ; Sh., gr.ss-ii, (.03-.12); Sw., gr.t^-%, 

 (.006-.03) ; D., gr.%-%, (.008-.03). 



Subcutaneously.— H., gr.iii-iv, (.2- .25) ; D., gr.%-%, (.008-.03). 



124 parts of morphine hydrochloride correspond to 100 parts of morphine. 



Morphine Sulphas. Morphine Sulphate. 



(C,;H„Oa N)^ US 0.-I-5 H,0. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Derivation.— Moiyhlne is stirred into boiling distilled water; diluted sulphuric 

 acid is added until neutralization is attained, and the sulphate crystallizes out on 

 cooling. 



Properties.— White, feathery, acicular, silky crystals, or in cubical masses, 

 odorless, permanent in the air, and having a bitter taste. Soluble in 15.5 parts 

 of water, and in 565 parts of alcohol at 25° C; insoluble in ether and chloroform. 



Dose. — Same as hydrochloride. 125 parts of morphine sulphate correspond 

 to 100 parts of the pure alkaloid. 



The official salts of morphine may be used interchangeably. The acetate is 

 more soluble, but less stable, than the sulphate, which is sufficiently soluble for 

 practical purposes, and is in more common use. 



Liauoa Morphine Hydkochloridi. (B. P.) 

 (One per cent, morphine.) 



JDose.— H., 3vi-5ii, (25-60) ; D., ni.x-3i, (.6-4). 



LiauoH Mohphinje Acetatis. (B. P.) 

 Same strength and dose as above. 



Injectio Morphine Hypodermica. (B. P.) 

 (One per cent, morphine.) 

 Dose. — Same as liquor morphini hydrochloridi. 



SupposiTOBiA Morphin.*. (B. P.) 

 (Gr. % morphine.) 

 Dose. — Dog, 1 per rectum. 



CoDEiNA. Codeine. C^HiiOsN-f-HjO. (U. S. & B. P.) 

 Derivation. — An alkaloid obtained from opium by evaporation of the ammo- 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



