APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE 377 



able way in patients weakened by long continued disease and in those 

 suffering from shock, loss of blood following surgical operation, parturi- 

 tion, or other natural causes. 



Contra-indications. — In respiratory diseases associated with cyano- 

 sis or excessive exudation, in very high fever and obstinate constipation. 

 The drug must be used with caution in the treatment of the aged and 

 very young. 



Apomorphin.e Hydkochloridum:. Apomorphine Hydrochloride. 

 C„M„0, N H CI. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Synonym. — Chlorhydrate d'apomorphine, Fr. ; apomorphinliydrochlorid, G. 



Derivation. — The hydrochloride 'of an allialoid, obtained by heating morphine 

 (or codeine) in hermetically closed tubes, with an excess of pure hydrochloric 

 acid. The morphine thus loses one molecule of water ; CuHijOs N =: Ci,Hi,Oj. 

 N+H2O. 



Properties. — Minute, white or grayish-white, glistening, monoclinic prisms, 

 odorless, having a faintly bitter taste, and acquiring a greenish tint upon ex- 

 posure to light and air. Soluble in 50 parts of water and 50 parts of alcohol; 

 very slightly soluble in ether or chloroform. It should be kept in small, dark, 

 amber-colored vials. (U. S. P.) 



Z)os«.— Subcutaneously. H., gr. % (0.045). Foals, gr. % (.03). Sh. & 

 Calves, gr. % (.03). Cows, gr. li^ (.09). D., gr. 1/10-1/5 (.006-.012) as emetic. 

 By the mouth, D., gr. 1/40-1/25 (.0015-.0024) as expectorant. 



PKEPARATION. 



Injectio Apomorphince Hypodermica. (B. P.) 

 Approximately one per cent. 

 Dose.—U. & C, TTllxxv, (5); Sh. & Calves, TUxl, (2.7); D., 1TLx-xx, (.6-1.3). 



Action Internal. — Small doses (gr. 1/60-1/30) cause vomiting in 

 dogs, while larger doses produce salivation and trembling in addition to 

 vomition. Very large quantities (gr. 4-S) occasion first great excitement; 

 the dog howls, runs and jumps about, the pupils are dilated and the 

 slightest noise excites great alarm. Then the animal weakens in the 

 hind legs, becomes paraplegic, falls and goes into convulsions. The 

 breathing, at the beginning rapid, becomes weak and slow. Death en- 

 sues from respiratory failure. 



Nervous System. — The drug primarily stimulates the brain and 

 induces delirium and excitement, but secondarily causes cerebral par- 

 alysis. The origin of the convulsions is not ascertained. Apomorphine 

 is a direct local paralyzant to the muscles, acting upon their substance 

 or upon the motor nerve endings. 



Circulation. — Medicinal doses do not alter the force, but may in- 

 crease the rate and tension of the pulse by stimulation of the cardiac 

 accelerator nerves and vasoconstrictor centre. Toxic doses paralyze the 

 heart muscle and lower blood pressure. 



Respiration. — The respiratory movements are at first markedly in- 

 creased by large doses of apomorphine, owing to stimulation of the 

 respiratory centre. Lethal doses depress and paralyze the respiratory 

 centre. The breathing then becomes feeble and infrequent. The agent 

 causes a copious outpouring of a watery fluid from the blood vessels of 

 the respiratory mucous membrane, and is, therefore, an expectorant. 



Vomitin*g Centre. — This is stimulated by therapeutic doses of apo- 



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