BELLADONNA 379 



PREPARATIONS. 



Extractum Belladonnw FoHorum. Extract of Belladonna Leaves. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Made by maceration and percolation with diluted alcohol, and evaporation 

 to pilular consistence. Used in preparing the unguentum belladonnie. Contains 

 1.25 per cent, of alkaloids of belladonna leaves. 



Dose.—H. & C, gr.x-xx, (.6-1.3); Sh. & Sw., gr.il-iv, (.12-.24) ; D., 

 gr.%-% (.008-.03). 

 Tinctura Belladonnce Poliorum. Tincture of Belladonna Leaves. (U. B. & B. P.) 



Belladonna leaves, 100, diluted alcohol to make 1,000. Made by maceration 

 and percolation to contain 0.08 Gm. total alkaloids in 100 mils. (U. S. P.) 



Dose.—D., Itlv-xxx, (.8-2). 



Unguentum BelladonnW. Belladonna Ointment. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Pilular extract of belladonna leaves, 10; diluted alcohol, 5; hydrous wool fat, 

 80; benzoinated lard, 65. (U. S. P.) 



Belladonna Radix. Belladonna Root. 



Synonym. — The dried root of Atropa belladonna Linng (Fam. Solanaceae), 

 yielding not less than 0.45 per cent, of the total alkaloids of belladonna root. 



Cylindrical or somewhat tapering, usually split into longitudinal pieces, from 

 0.6 to 2.6 cm. in thickness; nearly inodorous, taste sweetish, afterward bitterish 

 and strongly acrid. 



PREPARATIONS.- 



Flwidesetractum Belladonnce Radicis. Fluidextract of Belladonna Root. (U. S. P.) 



Made by maceration, percolation with alcohol and water, and evaporation. 

 One mil of the extract ==: one Gm. of belladonna root. Standardized so that 100 

 mils of the fluidextract contains 0.45 Gm. of mydriatic alkaloids. The most re- 

 liable preparation. 



Dose.—n., 3i.-il. (4.-8.); C, 3ii.-iii. (8.-12.); Sh. & Sw., TTlx.-xv. (.6-1.); 

 D., Tn.i.-iii. (.06-.2). 



Linimentum Belladonnce. Belladonna Liniment. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Camphor, 50; fluidextract of belladonna to make 1,000. (U. S. P.) 

 Atropina. Atropine. Ci,H,3 O3N. (U. S. & B. P.) 



An alkaloid obtained from belladonna. As it occurs in commerce, it is 

 always accompanied by a small proportion of hyoscyamine extracted along with 

 it, from which it cannot readily be separated. 



Derivation.- — Atropine is obtained from a strong tincture of the root. Slaked 

 lime is added, which splits up atropine malate and precipitates lime malate. The 

 excess of lime is precipitated by sulphuric acid, and coloring matters by potas- 

 sium carbonate, which also sets free atropine. The atropine is dissolved in chloro- 

 form, recovered on evaporation, and purified by digestion with warm alcohol and 

 charcoal. 



Properties. — White, rhombic prisms; odorless, having a bitter, acrid taste, 

 and gradually assuming a yellowish tint on exposure to the air. Great caution 

 must be used in tasting it and then only in much dilution. Soluble in 455 parts 

 of water, 2 of alcohol, 1 of chloroform, 25 of ether, and 27 of glycerin. It melts 

 between 114° and 116° C. Alkaline to litmus and phenolphthalein. 



Incompatible!. — Decomposed by sodium or potassium hydrate. 



Dose.—H., gr.ss-iss, (.03-.09) ; average dose, gr.i, (.06); C, gr.i-il, (.06-.12) ; 

 Sh. & Sw., gr. 1/20-1/12 (.003-.005); D., gr. 1/120-1/60 (.0005-.001). 



Atropine Sulphas. Atropine Sulphate. (Ci,H2303N)2 H2SO4 + H2O. 

 (U. S. & B. P.) 



Derivation. — Atropine is dissolved in sulphuric acid and treated with ether, 

 when the insoluble sulphate settles out. 



Properties. — A white crystalline powder or microscopical needles and prisms; 

 odorless, having a very bitter, nauseating taste, and permanent in the air. It 

 should be tasted with the utmost caution, and only in dilute solution. Soluble 

 in 0.4 part of water, 5 parts of alcohol, 8000 parts of ether, and in 420 parts of 

 chloroform at 25° C. At 188°-191° C. atropine sulphate melts; when free from 

 hyoscyamine it melts at 181°-183° C. 



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