288 VEGETABLE DRUGS 



Hyoscyamus. Hyoseyamus. (U. S. P.) 



Synonym. — Hyoscyami folia, B. P.; henbane, herba hyoscyami (P. G.), E.; 

 feuilles de jusquiame noire, Fr. ; bilsenkrant, G. 



The dried leaves and flowering or fruiting tops of Hyoscyamus niger Linn§ 

 (Fam. Solanacew), yielding not less than .065 per cent, of the alkaloids of hyo- 

 scyamus. 



Habitat. — Indigenous to England, the Continent, and Asia, and naturalized in 

 the northern part of the United States. 



Description. — Usually much wrinkled, with numerous stems and with the 

 flowering or fruiting tops intermixed; leaves when entire attaining a length of 

 25 cm., a breadth of 10 cm.; odor heavy, distinctive; taste somewhat bitter and 

 acrid. 



Constituents. — Two alkaloids: hyoscyamine CjiH^jN O3, and hyoscine. The 

 first resembles atropine in composition and action. Impure, amorphous, commer- 

 cial hyoscyamine is a dark-brown fluid and contains as its active principle mainly 

 hyoscine. 



Incompatibility. — Incompatible with caustic alkalies and vegetable acids, lead 

 acetate and silver nitrate. Hyoscyamus may be given in pill with the two latter 

 mineral salts. 



Dose.—H. & C, Sss-i, (15-30); D., gr.v-xv, (.3-1). 



PEEPAIiATIONS. 



E'.ctractum Hyoscyami. Extract of Hyoscyamus. (U. S. & B. P.) 

 Hyoscyamus in No. 40 powder, 1000 Gm. Made by maceration and percola- 

 tion with diluted alcohol, and evaporation to pilular consistence to contain 0.25 

 per cent, of alkaloids of hyoscyamus. 



Dose.—H. & C, gr.xx-oi, (1.3-4); D., gr.ss-ii, (.03-.12). 

 Fluidextractum Hyoscyami. Fluidextract of Hyoscyamus. (U. S. P.) 

 Made by maceration, percolation with alcohol and water, and evaporation, so 

 that 1 mil z= I Gm. of hyoscyamus. Each 100 mils of fluidextract contains 0.065 

 Gm. of alkaloids of hyoscyamus. 



Dose.—n. & C, gss-i, (15-30) ; D., TTlv-xv, (.3-1). 



Tinctura Hyoscyami. Tincture of Hyoscyamus. (U. S. & B. P.) 

 Hyoscyamus, 100; diluted alcohol to make 1000. Made by maceration and 

 percolation. Standardized to contain 0.0065 Gm. of alkaloids of hyoscyamus in 

 each 100 mils of the tincture. (U. S. P.) 

 Dose. — D., 5i-iv, (4-15). 



The dose of hyoscyamus preparations is generally two to four times that of 

 similar belladonna preparations. 



Succus Hyoscyami. Juice of Hyoscyamus. (B. P.) 

 Dose. — Same as tincture. 



HtoscyamistjE Hydrobromidum. 

 Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide. CuHjsOs N H Br. (U. S. P.) 



Synonym. — Hyoscyaminum hydrobromicum, Fr. ; hyoscyaminhydrobromid, G. 



The hydrobromide of hyoscyamine, an alkaloid obtained from hyoscyamus 

 and other plants of the Solanacece. It should be kept in amber-colored, well- 

 stoppered vials. 



Properties. — White, prismatic crystals, without odor ; deliquescent on exposure 

 to the air. Great caution must be used in tasting it, and then only in dilute 

 solution. Taste acrid, nauseous and bitter. Very soluble in water; soluble in 

 2.5 parts of alcohol, 2260 parts of ether, and in 1.7 parts of chloroform at 25° C. 



Dose.—n., gr.i-ii, (.06-.12) ; D., gr. 1/60-1/30, (.001-.002). 



SCOPOLAMIN-TE HlTDKOBROMIDUM. (U. S. P.) 



Scopolamine Hydrobromide. C^HjiOj N H Br. 



Synonym. — Hyoscinas hydrobromidum, hyoscine hydrobromide, E.; brom- 

 hydrate d'hyoscine, Fr. ; skopolaminhydrobromid, G. 



The hydrobromide of Isevorotary scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, ob- 

 tained from various plants of the Solanaceae. Preserve in well-closed containers, 

 protected from light. 



Properties. — Colorless, transparent, rhombic crystals, sometimes of lanje size; 



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