;52i VEGETABLE DRUGS 



local anesthetic we possess at present for safety and efficiency. Two or three 

 drams of a 3 per cent, solution injected into the nerve on either side of the limb 

 are sufficient in the diagnosis of lameness in the horse. Its action is increased by 

 combination with adrenalin and with the added hemostatic action this combination 

 is useful injected about the circumference of tumors to aid their painless removal. 

 Solutions keep well and may be repeatedly boiled. 



Euoainye Hydeochlohas. Eucaine Hydrochlorate. 

 C,„H„ NO4 HCl. (Non-official.) 



This ib a laboratory product, formerly known as eucaine hydrochlorate "B." 

 Eucaine is used in 2 per cent, aqueous solution in the eye, and in 10 per cent, on 

 mucous membranes, and is said to be harmless in finy ordinary amount. It is 

 employed as a substitute for cocaine in the same manner and for the same pur- 

 poses, but with the following advantages: Safer, 0.414 as toxic; cheaper; does 

 not decompose on keeping in solution; can be sterilized by boiling; less irritating; 

 does not dilate the pupil; is a slight antiseptic. 



Ophthalmologists find that the drug does dilate the pupil after several in- 

 stillations, and that it does irritate the already inflamed eye. It, moreover, does 

 not contract vessels when locally applied, and does sometimes produce poisoning 

 like cocaine, but much less frequently. 



Stovaine. (C„H,iNO,HC1). (Non-official.) 



Occurs in small, lustrous scales, very soluble in water, acetic ether and alco- 

 hol. It is a synthetic product used as a substitute for cocaine but is only 6/10 

 as toxic; slower to induce anesthesia (15 to 30 minutes) ; and the anesthesia is of 

 longer duration (2 hours). Solutions may be boiled without harm to the drug. 



It produces some vasomotor relaxation, but solutions may be combined witli 

 Ttl,x of adrenalin solution to avert this. 3 to 5 grs. in 6 drams of sterile water 

 may be used safely and successfully in spaying bitches of setter size (gr.ii for 

 fox terriers). Two and one-half drams are injected intraperitoneally in the 

 region of the internal inguinal rings, on each side, and 1 dram into the skin 

 incision. After keeping the animal on its back for 20 or 80 minutes the operation 

 is begun (Eggleston and Miller). 



Cocaine (gr. %-%) injected into the muscle of the abdominal wall in dogs, 

 along the line of incision, will induce anesthesia of the abdominal organs to a 

 considerable degree. 



Stovaine is used in 5 per cent, solution to produce anesthesia by intraspinal 

 injection. The dose ol this solution for this purpose is for liorses, .'ji-iiss; D., 

 TTLxx-xxx; Cats, lltx-xx. For excision of the eyeball in the horse one dram of a 5 

 per cent, solution is injected under the conjunctiva at four or five points. In 

 tlie dog one dram of a 2 per cent, solution is sufficient for this operation. For 

 subcutaneous use 1 to 2 per cent, solutions are suitable. 



Alypine is another substitute for cocaine and is closely related in composition 

 with stovaine. It is not, however, superior to cocaine since it is both more lOxIc 

 and irritant. 



Apothesine. (Non-official.) 



Apotliesine is a local anesthetic, the cinnamic erster of gamma-diethylamino- 

 prophyl-alcohol hydrochloride. It occurs in white crystals readily soluble in water 

 and alcohol, slightly so in etlier and acetone. It is slightly less toxic than novo- 

 caine and is u-.ed in 1 and 2 per cent, solution, with or without adrenalin. It 

 can be sterilized by boiling, and does not come- under the narcotic law. Apothe- 

 sine is widely used and is equal to novocaine, except that its anesthesia is not so 

 lasting. 



Yohimbine Hydrochloride. CzjHajNjOaHCl. 



Yohimbine is obtained from the bark of the yohimbehoa tree (Corynanthe 

 yohimbe), and occurs in silky, prismatic crystals, or as an amorphous, white 

 powder, slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and acids. 

 >'ohinihine alters and turns yellow on exposure to air and light, but its hydro- 

 chloride is permanent and is therefore to be preferred. 



jD".«-.— H. & C, gr. %-iy2, (.045-0.1); Sh. & Sw., ajr. V2, (.03); D., gr. 

 l/12-l/(i, (.005-.01); small dogs, gr. 1/120, (.0005). 



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