368 VEGETABLE DRUGS 



tion. Rossbach found that the inhalation of air saturated with turpentine 

 diminished secretion, while the topical application of a watery solution 

 increased secretion. The oil is essentially a local stimulating expectorant. 



Nervous System. — Medicinal doses occasion mental exhilaration in 

 man. Large doses cause dulness, languor, and unsteady gait in animals; 

 while distinctly toxic doses produce coma, sensory paralysis, loss of re- 

 flex activity, and, at times, convulsions. 



Kidneys and Genito-Urinary Tract. — The kidneys are very prone 

 to irritation during its elimination. Small doses induce frequent micturi- 

 tion. Large quantities lead to albuminuria, pain in the lumbar region, 

 hematuria, and constant painful passage of high-colored urine, owing 

 to irritation of the urinary mucous membrane and muscular spasm of the 

 urethra (strangury). Menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea occur in females 

 under the influence of the oil. Acute nephritis and complete suppression 

 of urine follow great toxic doses. The urine has sometimes the odor of 

 violets. 



Elimination.- — Turpentine is eliminated in the urine, breath, and, to 

 some extent, in the bile and intestinal mucus ; slightly by the skin. 



Toxicology. — Turpentine poisoning is not an uncommon occurrence 

 from the administration of large doses (undiluted) by empirics. Post- 

 mortem appearances reveal gastro-enteritis, sometimes congestion and in- 

 flammation of the lungs, and fatty degeneration of the liver, kidney and 

 muscles, following prolonged use of the oil. 



The action of terebene and terpin hydrate is very similar to oil of 

 turpentine. 



Administration. — Oil of turpentine is given with eight or more times 

 its volume of cottonseed or linseed oil, gruel, or milk; and in emulsion 

 with acacia or white of egg. An emulsion is made by shaking a single 

 dose with powdered acacia, and adding water or oil. Terebene is admin- 

 istered in a similar manner. Terpin hydrate may be exhibited in pill, 

 ball or alcoholic solution. 



Uses of Oil of Turpentine, Terebene and Terpin Hydrate 



External. — Oil of turpentine is employed as a stimulant and counter- 

 irritant with ammonia and soap liniment (white liniment), or as the offi- 

 cial liniment in rheumatism, myalgia, sprains, shoulder lameness, swollen 

 joints, gangrene, frost bites, burns and ulcers. 



White liniment. 



Olei terebinthinoe gvi. 



Aquae ammonise fortioris. 



Pulveris saponis aa oSS. 



Amraonii chloridi §i. 



Aquae Oil. 



M. 



Mix ammonia, soap and ammonium chloride in 

 pint of water; shake; add turpentine and 

 enough water to make 2 pints. 

 Slg. Use externally. 



Oil of turpentine is a very efficient disinfectant with which to steril- 

 ize the skin or accidental wounds when more appropriate agents are not 



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