KAMALA 435 



more salivation than pilocarpine, beginning in the horse in 5 minutes, 

 after injection under the skin, and continuing for an hour with champing 

 of the jaws, and flow from the mouth in some cases. It contracts the 

 pupil. It stimulates the secretions of sweat, saliva, and succus entericus. 

 It moreover stimulates peristaltic action, and is one of the quickly acting 

 purgatives given under the skin. Like pilocarpine arecoline increases 

 secretion and constriction of the bronchi, and leads to dyspnea, especially 

 in animals with asthma or heaves. While sometimes causing considerable 

 nausea and colic yet arecoline is not so powerful or poisonous as eserine 

 and barium chloride and, as it can be given subcutaneously, is often pre- 

 ferred by practitioners to the aforesaid drugs. In large doses it dimin- 

 ishes the force and frequency of the pulse and in lethal doses paralyzes 

 the heart. The pulse is slow and weak, the breathing is shallow and slow, 

 there is cyanosis, dyspnea, sweating and salivation, and death from res- 

 piratory failure. Large doses cause muscular spasms. Atropine should 

 be given promptly under the skin in arecoline poisoning and may save 

 animals after otherwise lethal doses (horses, 13 grs. subcutaneously) of 

 arecoline. 



Arecoline is indicated in mild colics, indigestion, flatulent colic and 

 impacted colon in horses. Also in acute laminitis and azoturia of horses. 

 It should be given once daily in laminitis and is a particularly success- 

 ful remedy. In severe impactions and great distention, obstruction and 

 inflammation of the bowels, it is contraindicated. Also in the weak and 

 pregnant, in spasmodic colic, and in respiratory disorders. In constipa- 

 tion of cattle it is of value. Its cathartic action usually begins within 15 

 minutes. One per cent, solutions of arecoline hydrobromide are some- 

 times used to contract the pupil and reduce intraocular tension, and to 

 offset the action of atropine. It may be used in place of eserine or pilo- 

 carpine as a myotic. 



Kam:ai,a. Kamala. (Non-official.) 



Synonym. — Rottlera, kameela, kamola, Fr., G. 



The glands and hairs from the capsules of Mallotus philippinensis (Lamarck) 

 Mueller Arg. (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae) . 



Habitat. — India, China and the Philippine Islands. 



Properties, — A granular, mobile, brick-red or brownish-red powder, inodorous, 

 and nearly tasteless; imparting a deep red color to alkaline liquids, alcohol, ether 

 or chloroform, and a pale yellow tinge to boiling water. 



Constituents. — ^The chief principle is (1) rottlerin (C22H20O1,), occurring in 

 yellow acicular crystals, soluble in hot alcohol, ether, benzol, and carbon disul- 

 phide. There are also (2) resins, 80 per cent. 



Dose.—D., 3ss-ii, (2-8); H. & C, gi, (30). 



Action and Uses. — Kamala is an anthelmintic. It is employed more 

 frequently as a taeniacide, but will also kill ascarides and oxyurides. 

 Large doses may give rise to nausea and vomiting in dogs and cats. 

 Kamala is also a purgative, so that it is rarely necessary to employ one 

 after its administration. It should be given in syrup to the fasting ani- 

 mal, and repeated in eight hours if the first dose is not operative by that 

 time. 



Cusso. Kousso. (Non-official.) 

 Synonym. — Brayera, kooso, kusso, E.; cousso, kousso, Fr.; koso, 

 cusso, kusso, G.; flores kosso, P. G. 



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