SANTONICA 437 



purgative and has occasioned weakness, colic, dizziness and convulsions. 

 In sufficient amount pelletierine is said to paralyze motor nerves like 

 curare. Granatum is an anthelmintic, chiefly against tape-worm. The 

 decoction (1-8, B. P.) may be employed (with 1^ part syrup of ginger) 

 in three doses, at hour intervals, for dogs. The patient should be pre- 

 viously fasted for 24 hours, and castor oil is indicated if purging is not 

 produced by pomegranate. Tannate of pelletierine is a yellowish, astrin- 

 gent-tasting powder, soluble in 12.6 parts of alcohol and 235 parts of 

 water. It is invariably used in human medicine in preference to the 

 crude drug, and should be followed in 2 hours by a dose of castor oil. 

 The use of pelletierine is undesirable in young animals. 



Pepo. 



The seed of the ordinary pumpkin is a very efScient and harmless vermicide 

 not only for tapeworm but for round worms as well. Very recently SoUmann 

 experimenting with anthelmintics finds pepo highly efiBcient, more so than many 

 others generally esteemed, as spigelia. He states that its active principle is solu- 

 ble In water but destroyed by boiling. It has the advantage of being practically 

 harmless for the higher animals. Fresh seed should be used and the coverings 

 removed and an infusion made by rubbing up the remaining part in cold water 

 and the whole allowed to stand for 2 hours and water filtered off and given. Or 

 the rubbed up pulp may be given in an electuary with sugar or syrup. The 

 dose for dogs is 2 ounces of the seed. It should be given after starving for 24 

 hours and followed by a dose of castor oil in 2 hours. 



Class 2. — ^Used to Destroy Round -Worms. 



Santoxica. Santonica. (Non-official.) 



Synonym. — Levant worm seed, E.; barbotine, semencine, Fr. ; wurmsamen, 

 zitwersamen, G.; flores cinae, P. G. 



The dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia pauciflora Weber (nat. 

 ord. Compositae). 



Habitat. — Northern middle Europe and Asia. 



Description. — Heads 2 to 4 mm. long, oblong-ovoid, slightly flattened, obtuse, 

 consisting of an involucre of about 12 to 18 closely imbricated, glandular scales 

 with broad midribs, enclosing 4 or 5 rudimentary florets. Santonica has the 

 appearance of a granular, yellowish-green or greenish-brown, somewhat glossy 

 powder; odor strong, peculiar, somewhat camphoraceous ; taste aromatic and 

 bitter. 



Constituents. — The active principle is (1) santonin. There is also (2) a vola- 

 tile oil, 2 per cent., consisting chiefly of cineol, CaHisO. 



SANToiriifusi. Santonin. C^HisOa. (U. S. & B. P.) 



Synonym. — Santonine, Fr.; santonin, G. 



The inner anhydride or lactone of santonic acid obtained from Artemisia 

 pauciflora (Ledebour ) Weber (Fam. Compositae). 



Derivation. — Made from a mixture of lime and santonica by exhausting with 

 alcohol, evaporation of the latter, and by the addition of acetic acid to the residue. 

 Santonin is obtained by treating an alcoholic solution of the residue with animal 

 charcoal and crystallization. 



Properties. — Colorless, shining, flattened, rhombic prisms, or as a crystalline 

 powder; odorless and nearly tasteless at first, but afterwards developing a bitter 

 taste; permanent in the air, but turning yellow on exposure to light. Nearly 

 insoluble in cold water; soluble in 48 parts of alcohol, in 110 parts of ether and 

 1.7 parts of chloroform. 



Dose. — D., gr.% to the pouhd live-weight. It should not be given to puppies 

 imder two months old, and a total dose above gr.iv should be avoided for dogs 

 or hogs. H., 3M,-iv, (1-15). 



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