POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



Note. — In poisoning, the chemical antidote should be given first — if it is at 

 hand. The next thing is to evacuate the stomach. Washing out the stomach 

 is practically always done in human medicine, except in convulsions of strychnine 

 poisoning and in poisoning by acids and caustic alkalies. This is readily per- 

 formed in the case of the dog with assistance and may be accomplished in the 

 horse. Where facilities for lavage are not at hand, an emetic should be given 

 the dog, cat and pig. Mustard is the emetic usually at hand. The dog and cat 

 take 1 tablespoonful, and the pig two, in water. Zinc sulphate is more effective; 

 D. & C, gr. v; Sw. gr.xv, in two ounces of water. Apomorphine hydrochloride, 

 hypodermically, is the most certain of all; D., gr. ^ to gr. %; cats, gr. 1/12. 



ACETANILm, AnTIPYKIN, PnENACETIsr. 



Strychnine sulph. H. gr.ii; D. gr. 1/100 to gr. 1/40. Atropine sulph. H. gr. 

 1%; D. gr. 1/40 subcut. 



Acetic Acid, See Acids. 



ACIDS. 



Acetic, Hydrochloric, Nitric, Oxalic, Piiosphobic, Sulphuric, Tartaric 



Antidotes. — Magnesia, chalk, plaster scraped off the walls, soap — one of these, 

 with demulcents as eggs, milk, and oil. Large quantities of water by the mouth. 



AcoifiTE. 



Empty stomach with tube; emetics put too much strain on the heart. Atro- 

 pine under the skin is most valuable. Also digitalis, strychnine, alcohol, ammonia 

 and ether are useful. 



Tannic acid is partial antidote. Keep the patient quiet and do artificial 

 respiration if necessary. 



Alcohol. 



Emetic or stomach lavage. Strong coffee by the mouth. Gi\e subcutaneously. 

 Caffeine with equal amount of sodium salicylate, H. gr.xxx; D. gr.ii. Strychnine 

 nitrate under the skin, H. gr.i, D. gr. 1/100 to gr. 1/40. Inhalation of ammonia. 

 Camphorated oil subcut. H. §i; D. m. xv. 



. ALKALIES, CAUSTIC. 

 AMMOifiA Water, Quick Lime, Potassium and Sodium Hydrate and Carbostate. 

 Antidotes. — Vinegar or lemon juice in water, or weak solutions of citric or 

 tartaric acids. Do not evacuate the stomach. Demulcents as egg white, milk. 

 External heat and mustard paste. Camphorated oil subcut. H. §i; D. m. xv. 

 Ammoxia Water, See Alkalies. 

 Anesthetics, Ether, Chloroform. 

 Hold small animals upside down. Do artificial respiration. Try rhythmic 

 traction of the tongue. Pour ether from a height of several feet on epigastrium. 

 Adrenalin solution (1 to 1,000) injected into vein, H. gss; D. m. xxx. Atropine 

 sulph. subcut. H. gr. 1%; D. gr. 1/60. Strychnine subcut. H. gr. 1; D. gr. 1/100 

 to gr. 1/60. "Digitalone" subcut. H. gss; D. m. xx to m. xxx. 

 Antimony, Tartar Emetic. 

 Antidote. — Strong tea or tannic acid. Magnesia, slacked lime. Emetic or 

 lavage if vomiting has not occurred. Give cathartic of salts or oil. Inject 

 subcut. "digitalone," H. §ss; D. m. xx to xl. Give under the skin strychnine 

 sulph. H. gr. i; D. gr. 1/100 to gr. 1/40. Heat and mustard paste externally. 

 Antipyrin, See Acetanilid. 

 Arsenic 

 Antidote. — Freshly prepared "arsenic antidote" or hydrated sesquioxide of 

 iron in large amount by the mouth. Perform lavage if possible or give emetic. 

 The antidote is of little value. Caffeine, with equal amount of sodium benzoate, 

 H. gr. xxx; D. gr.ii subcut. "Digitalone" subcut., H. gss; D. m. xx to m. xl. 

 Morphine subcut., H. gr.iii, D. gr.ss. Heat and mustard paste externally. 



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