544 GENERAL THERAPEUTIC MEASURES 



The older sheep usually develop a chronic form, unless they have 

 been subjected to some unusual hardships as a long drive or shipment on 

 a train, when they may develop an acute form of the disease and die with 

 great rapidity, sometimes as many as ten per cent, of a band succumbing 

 daily. 



The acute forms are easily mistaken for anthrax, from which they 

 differ principally by the absence of gelatinous iniiltrations and hemor- 

 rhages under the skin and by the absence of enlargement of the spleen. 



PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. 



The disease does not yield to any medicinal treatment, therefore at- 

 tention must be directed towards preventive measures. Affected animals 

 should be isolated and those showing advanced symptoms should be de- 

 stroyed. Vaccination in this disease has given very satisfactory results 

 and all animals exposed to the disease should be given a prophylactic 

 vaccination. 



Hemorrhagic Septicemia of Hogs." (Swine Plague.) 



Hemorrhagic septicemia ii: hogs manifests itself as a multiple necrotic 

 pleuropneumonia. It is caused by the B. suisepticum. It frequently 

 occurs as a mixed infection with the virus cholera, although it may appear 

 as an independent disease. 



Differentiation of this disease from hog cholera due to the filtrable 

 virus is often very difficult, especially since the diseases may appear simul- 

 taneously in the same animal. The fact, however, that this disease is not 

 as highly contagious as hog cholera, and also that it almost invariably 

 localizes in the lungs, is suggestive of hemorrhagic septicemia. 



PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. 



At the present time we have no satisfactory treatment for this dis- 

 ease. It may, however, be effectively prevented, provided suitable meas- 

 ures are enforced. Isolation of the affected animals, thorough cleaning 

 and disinfection of the premises, are essential factors. Vaccination with 

 a bacterin prepared from the specific organisms of this disease has given 

 good results. Swine plague infection is so common in some localities 

 that veterinarians have found it is advisable to use hemorrhagic septi- 

 cemia vaccine in conjunction with the serum simultaneous treatment for 

 the prevention of cholera. Otherwise the hogs continued to die with 

 marked chronic symptoms and lesions of a lung infection — with hemor- 

 rhagic septicemia. In such cases it is assumed that the serum-simul- 

 taneous method will not prevent the development of the pathological 

 process resulting from the secondary infection with the hemorrhagic 

 septicemia organism. Thus can we account for the continuance of losses 

 in such instances. 



HOG CHOLERA. 



Hog cholera is a blood infection of swine produced by a filtrable virus 

 in association with which necrotic processes develop in the intestinal tract 

 and in the lungs. 



Prevention and Treatment. 



Proper sanitary measures consisting of a thorough cleaning and dis- 

 infecting of the premises are primarily essential in the control of this 

 disease. The spread of the disease should be controlled by vaccination 

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