BIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS 



561 



to the margin of the eyelid and midway between the inner and 

 outer canthus. About 0.1 to 0.2 mil of mallein is injected. If 

 the injection is properly made a swelling the size of a small split pea 

 should appear immediately at the point of injection. The injection 

 should be made between the layers of the skin. If^ however, it should 

 be made under the skin it only 

 delays the reaction but does 

 not materially interfere with 

 the test. 



As a rule the characteristic 

 manifestations of the reaction 

 for glanders, following the 

 intrapalpebral test commences 

 in five to six hours and lasts 24 

 to 36 hours or longer. It con- 

 sists of a pronounced swelling 

 of the lower lid and may affect 

 a considerable area around the 

 eye. In association with the 

 edema there is usually a puru- 

 lent discharge from the con- 

 junctival sac and is in most in- 

 stances accompanied 'with fen 

 inflammatory condition of the 

 conjunctiva. TiJie reaction may 

 vary in extent and intensity. 

 The swelling may vary from a 

 slight degree to an extent of 

 affecting the entire area around 

 the orbit. Likewise the dis- 

 charge may be slight while at 

 other times the reaction may 



result in true pyorrhea to such an extent as to cause gluing of the eyelids. 

 It is advisable to examine the animal between the 16th and 36th hour fol- 

 Imiiing the test. 



Among these biologic diagnostic agents tuberculin and mallein are, 

 without a doubt, of the greatest importance to the live stock industry. 

 With the aid of these the presence of latent cases of tuberculosis and 

 glanders can be determined accurately in most instances, and thereby the 

 control and eradication of the disease is much facilitated. Attention is 

 called to the successful work carried on in Austria where with the aid of 

 ophthalmic mallein, glanders has been eradicated successfully in the past 

 few years. Austria has been at all times badly infected with glanders, 

 but through the enthusiastic and untiring efforts of Professor Schniirer 

 the eradication of the disease from the country has been accomplished 

 almost entirely. The aid of laboratory biologic .tests has been employed 

 in only a few doubtful 6ases. 



There are now numerous biologic products being prepared for diag- 

 nostic purposes, but most of these are still in the experimental stage and 

 their value has not hee2)/gM^gt^^/)y)j3^g^/^(g'he application of biologic 



Strong Ophthalmic Reaction 



