DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS 575 



Foals — Keep in stable, give salt by mouth and apomorphine (g^•l^-%) 

 subcutaneously once or twice weekly. 



Diabetes Insipidus. Horses. 



Commonly due to musty or moldy fodder, or symptomatic of other dis- 

 eases. Change diet, or steam, boil or kiln-dry moldy food; give physic ball; 

 place sodium bicarbonate in drinking water to relieve thirst, 45 daily. 

 Lugol's solution or potassium iodide, most successful remedies. Contract 

 renal vessels with ergot. Tonics: iron, nux vomica, arsenic. Restrict water 

 to slight degree. 



Diabetes Mellitus. 



In dogs, restrict diet to cooked meat and fat and broths; avoid liver. 

 Sodium bicarbonate in enormous doses to prevent coma, codeine, opium. 



Diaphragm, Spasm of. Hiccough. Thumps. 



Horses, compound spirit of ether; chloral, spirit of chloroform. Give 

 purge and use lavage; lobeline or morphine subcutaneously, with atropine; 

 inhalation of arayl nitrite or chloroform. Fomentations over diaphragm, trac- 

 tion on tongue. Enema, laudanum (§iv) with sodium bromide (Ji), in pint of 

 boiled starch solution. In hogs when due to ascarids give appropriate treat- 

 ment for parasitism. 



Dogs : — Emetic : Ipecac. 



Diarrhea. 



Laxatives to remove source of irritation in all cases at the onset. 



Horses: — Linseed oil, castor oil or calomel. 



Cattle: — Magnesium sulphate, calomel, castor oil. 



Foals and calves: — Castor oil, gss; gray powder or rhubarb. 



Special diet and restriction of water. Rest and warm covering. Opium 

 most useful after purge, with one of the following astringents: bismuth, 

 chalk, catechu, kino, tannic acid, aluminum hydroxide, lead acetate, mineral 

 acids. Antiseptics, especially with flatulence and foul discharges; carbolic 

 acid, creolin, salol, naphthalene, boric acid. 



In Fowl: — Dry, warm housing. Boiled rice and boiled milk. Laudanum, 

 TTli-v. 



White diarrhea (White Scours) of calves. From absorption of colon 

 baciUi from dirty teats or through infected navel. Also occasionally due to 

 B. necrophorous which may cause omphalophlebitis and arthritis and necrosis 

 of navel. Prevention. Give pasteurized milk in sterile pail. Sterilize the 

 mother's perineum and udder before and after birth; disinfect navel with 

 tincture of iodine; Isolate sick. Disinfect the dead and stable. Give colon 

 vaccine or horse serum from animal immunized to polyvalent colon bacilli, as 

 preventive. White diarrhea of new-born chicks — 1. Due to B. pullorum in 

 ovaries and eggs of infected hens. Resemble typhoid bacilli. Diagnosis made 

 by injection of wattles with a vaccine. Reaction in 24 hours: Also by agglu- 

 tination test. Disease communicated from hen to egg and from infected 

 chicks during first four days of life. Use eggs from uninfected farms for 1 

 year. Keep new-born in dark place so will not pick up droppings for first 

 four days. 



Keep absorptive litter on floor of brooder and food and water in uncon- 

 taminated vessels. Feeding sour milk useful. Only strongest birds at 8 to 

 10 weeks selected for breeding. 2. White diarrhea of chicks due to Coc- 

 cidium avium. Oocysts in droppings and live in soil 1 year. Outside of egg 

 infected. Sterilize eggs in alcohol and use incubators for hatching. Remove 

 newly fledged chicks to new premises. Kill infected birds. Surface soil 

 removed 3 inches down and burned, disinfect the houses, roosts, premises 

 and utensils. 



See also Enteritis and Dysentery. Arsenic in chronic cases. 

 Diphtheria. 



Due to Klebs-Loeffler bacillus in man, is occasionally seen in cats and 

 dogs. They should be killed to prevent spread of the disease to man. 



See Croup, Pseudo-Membranous. 



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