DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS 601 



persistent, give an anesthetic; stretch sphincter ani until it is paralyzed; 

 clamp base of piles and burn off pile down to clamp with dull red thermo- 

 cautery. Lock bowels for three days with opium. Then give injection of 

 sweet oil and castor oil, or two or three compound cathartic pills. 



PiROPLASMosis. See Texas Fever. 



Pleuro-Pneumonia of Cattle. 



Destroy patients and those exposed. Slightly diseased are fit for beef. 

 Premises cleaned and disinfected. 



Pleuritis and Empyema. Pleurisy. 



Venesection with much pain and dyspnea. Fever and pain are relieved by 

 acetanilid. Also by the application of mustard paste and hot blankets with 

 rubber covering to the chest. - Instead of acetanilid, we may give — to relieve 

 pain and dyspnea — laudanum, Sii, in a pint of linseed oil to the horse; or 

 morphine subcutaneously. With effusion, administer calomel, and also a 

 combination of fluidextract of digitalis (3i), oil of juniper (3i), and potas- 

 sium acetate (Si) in water thrice daily to horses; to dogs, powdered squills 

 and digitalis (aa gr-i), in pill with calomel (gr.ss), three times daily. Use 

 wet compress about chest continuously, and applications of mustard occa- 

 sionally. Give dry diet with water reduced to minimum. With large or 

 persistent effusion, puncture the chest. In the horse, in the 8th and 9th 

 intercostal spaces at the anterior margin of the rib and -near the lower border 

 of the lung, shave hair and use strict asepsis. After puncture, or in the later 

 stages, employ potassium iodide, and give tincture of ferric chloride with 

 gentian or nux vomica on the feed. Also give to larger animals nourishing 

 diet with mUk, eggs, and whiskey; to dogs — milk, bovinine and meat juice. 

 In empyema or purulent pleurisy, the chest wall must be incised and often a 

 portion of two or more ribs resected; all adhesions to pleurae broken under 

 partial anesthesia; and wound closed, save for drainage. Irrigation of the 

 chest is not desirable except in case of fetid discharge. 



Pneumonia, Croupous, and Broncho-Pneumonia. 



At the onset in rare cases with great dyspnea and full, bounding pulse, 

 venesection. Tincture of aconite in repeated doses every two hours, is more 

 often useful in the beginning, to reduce the frequency of the pulse, except 

 in influenza and asthenic conditions. An abundance of fresh cold air to 

 stimulate the respiratory centers is of great import. In the horse, bandage 

 the legs after rubbing mustard paste on them. For large animals, the diet 

 should include hay, grain, roots, mashes, and, if animals do not eat well, eggs 

 and milk; for dogs — milk, bovinine, broths, meat juice and a little meat. In 

 the stage of hepatization, high fever (104.5 deg. F.), acetanilid (3iv) may 

 be given to horses in a single dose. Usually, however, cold enemata, cold 

 air, and cold compresses on the chest, changed frequently, will be safer and 

 more efficient. Weakness of the pulse calls for digitalis, strychnine, camphor, 

 ammonium carbonate, singly, in alternation or combination, and repeated 

 every few hours. The action of the kidneys is favored by spirit of nitrous 

 ether. Keep the bowels active by enemata or with oil by the mouth. With 

 the approach of crisis, stimulants are especially indicated, but should not be 

 used until weakening of the pulse demands them. With overloading of the 

 right heart and jugular pulse, employ venesection. During resolution admin- 

 ister expectorante, as ammonium chloride and carbonate in combination, par- 

 ticularly in broncho-pneumonia, and in this disease nutritious feeding is 

 urgently demanded. In delayed resolution, give potassium iodide twice daily. 

 In convalescence, appetite and digestion are stimulated by whiskey with 

 tincture of gentian and nux vomica. 



Poisoning. 



See Table of Antidotes. Use of stomach tube most effective. Emetics in 



dogs, cats and swine — mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine. Stimulants, as 



strychnine, camphor. 

 Poll Evil. See Abscess and Fistula. 

 Polyuria. See Diabetes Insipidus. 



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