610 ■ epitome of modern treatment 



Surra. 



Surra occurs in solipeds, dogs, rats, camels and elephants and Is trans- 

 mitted by inoculation by flies (Tabanidae) into cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, 

 guinea pigs and rabbits. Due to Trypanosoma evansi. Appeared in im- 

 ported cattle in U. S. in 1906 but was immediately eradicated. Character- 

 ized by irregular, intermittent fever, urticaria and edematous swellings on 

 various parts of the body, catarrh of nose, eyes and vagina, with progres- 

 sive emaciation, weakness and anemia. Diagnosis is made by inoculation of 

 rabbits with blood from infected animals. The trypanosomes appear in 

 rabbit's blood in 4 to 9 days accompanied by fever. 



Prevention. Isolate suspected animals in individual fly-proof stalls and 

 inoculate rabbits with their blood. Kill those affected. In India, where 

 disease is indigenous, increasing doses of arsenic, or of sodium cacodylate, 

 atoxyl, or arsenophenylglycin. 



Usually fatal in horses, not in cattle which act as "carriers." 



Swine Fever. See Hog Cholera. 



Syncope. Heart Failure. Fainting. See Cerebral Anemia. 



Keep the head low and inject under the skin pure ether. Give subcutane- 



ously caffeine with digitalone every few hours. Also the injection of 



camphor is useful. 



Synovitis. 



Rest and fixation of joint most important. Slings or the use of splints 

 secure rest and fixation. The application of an ice and sawdust poultice, 

 or ice bag bandaged on to the joint or constant cold irrigation, or some- 

 times more useful, is hot saturated solution of Epsom salt on compresses 

 covered by waterproof protective and bandage. Compression of the joint 

 by rubber or flannel bandage is serviceable after the more acute symptoms 

 abate. In subacute stage, firing and blistering are to be recommended. 

 When effusion and most of the thickening about the joint disappear, allow 

 gentle exercise, which may be gradually increased. 



See also Open Joint, and Arthritis. 



Tapeworms. See Parasites^ Intestinal. 

 Teats, Fissured, Cracked. 



Wash udder thoroughly with soap and water and saturated boric acid 

 solution. Withdraw milk through sterile milking tube. Coat fissures with 

 compound tincture benzoin, or with solid lunar caustic. Keep teats anointed 

 with 10 per cent, boric acid vaseline. 

 Teats, Obstructed. 



Concretions removed by manipulation of teat or by passing bougie, or 

 teat siphon. 



Inflammatory thickening relieved by poulticing and fomentations. It may 

 be necessary to cut the teat with teat bistoury to relieve , a stricture. 

 Growths within the teat and warts without are removed by scissors or 

 ligature. 



Tendons, Rupture of. 



Splints, slings, and treatment as for fracture. If open wound, suture the 

 tendon and sheath. Subcutaneous rupture unites more surely with aseptic 

 suturing in human practice. But there is great danger of sepsis in veteri- 

 nary practice. 

 Tenosynovitis. 



General treatment as for synovitis. Bier's hyperemia. Rest, fixation, 

 applications of heat and cold, counterirritants, and finally exercise. See 

 Thorough-Pin. 

 Tetanus. 



Common to all animals; especially to horses, cattle and sheep. 

 Therapeutic treatment with antitoxin is often unsuccessful. In slowly 

 developing and chronic cases tetanus antitoxin is successful as a therapeutic 

 ^ agent, Prophylaxis (within 4 days after inoculation) is usually very effec- 



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