613 EPITOME OF MODERN TREATMENT 



Australian tick fever and ixodic anemia ef cattle — by inoculating the or- 

 ganisms of these diseases through their bites. In sheep, louping ill is like- 

 wise communicated by ticks (Ixodes ricinus or reduvius), which Inoculate a 

 special organism by means of their bites. The Ixodes americanus — common 

 in dogs, cattle and man — is the most frequent in the- U. S. I. reduvius 

 attacks dogs and cattle, as well as sheep. Ticks should not be torn away 

 from the skin, as their bodies will be severed from their heads and the 

 latter be left in the skin. Unless burled deep in the skin, the application 

 of butter, kerosene, oil of turpentine or benzine will cause the ticks to 

 loose their hold. The whole tick may be removed by cutting them out with 

 scissors, skin and all. Ked or Keb refers to Melophagus ovinus, which is 

 not a tick, but a wingless fly attacking sheep and usually confused with 

 ixodidae. This insect may be removed by baths, as for scab in sheep, and 

 their inroads prevented by applications of kerosene. Baths or dips are also 

 prophylactic in louping ill. 



Tinea Tonsurans." See Ringworm. 

 Toothache. 



In the Horse — Extraction by forceps, or by trephining and punching out 

 the offending molar. 



In the Dog — Counter-irritation of gum by tincture of iodine; filling the 

 tooth with dental amalgam after proper removal of carious matter; lancing 

 the gum for alveolar abscess; or extraction. 



Tracheitis, or Tracheo-Bronchitis. See Bronchitis. 

 Tread. 



Bruise of coronet by opposite foot or by foot of another horse. Apply 

 wet compress (3 per cent, creolin) and treat as for Wounds. 

 Trematoda, Fluke Worms. See Liver Rot. 

 Trichinosis. 



The Trichina spiralis attacks all animals, but more often swine. Treat- 

 ment is wholly preventive in destroying rats and mice, where pigs are kept, 

 and in- not feeding flesh to swine. Trichinous meat should be burned. 



Tuberculosis. 



In order of frequency affects Cattle, Birds, Swine, Cats, Goats, Horses, 

 Sheep and Dogs. 



Most animals are infected by the bovine type of B. tuberculosis. Dogs 

 and cats are somewhat susceptible to the human type of bacillus. Infec- 

 tions occur through the digestive and respiratory tracts, and extend by the 

 lymphatics — sometimes by the blood stream (leukocytes) or by continuity — 

 and bacteria often penetrate a part without producing lesions at the point 

 of entry. Tuberculosis is acquired by the bacilli in the nasal and uterine 

 discharge and feces of patients, infecting the water, fodder and dust of 

 a barn; also through the young feeding on milk from tuberculous animals. 

 Crowding, poor ventilation and poor nutrition favor the disease. Tubercu- 

 losis is not usually inherited; the young are most susceptible; some six 

 months' habitation in infected surroundings may be required for the disease 

 to be acquired by the previously healthy. 



Treatment — This Is rarely advisable in animals, since it is so often un- 

 successful and because the existence of the disease threatens the life of 

 other animals, and man through diseased meat, milk, and — in the case of 

 cats and dogs— through their sputum. An outdoor life, day and night, 

 together with highly nutritious diet, may lead to recovery and is the most 

 hopeful and successful form of treatment for animals, as for man. Prophy- 

 laxis is secured by an outdoor life, or one in clean, well- ventilated and 

 uninfected stables. Milk from tuberculous animals should be boiled before 

 it is fed to hogs or other animals. The sick should be isolated and killed, 

 or Bang's segregation method may be used. Cows showing physical signs 

 of tuberculosis — particularly of the lungs, uterus and udder — should be 

 killed. Animals reacting to tuberculin test should be isolated; their calves 

 removed to separate farm, barn, or partitioned portion of same barn. 



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