DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS 613 



Calves fed from mother on day of birth, thereafter on boiled milk from 

 same, or milk from healthy cows. Two sets of employees if possible. If 

 not, then the healthy animals should be first tended, and the overalls and 

 shoes should be changed before tending the tuberculous. Also there must 

 be separate utensils for the healthy and tuberculous. The healthy and sick 

 should be separated in pasture. The healthy animals must be tuberculin 

 tested as usual. The infected barn should be washed and cleaned and 

 sprayed with 8% formalin, or 1-500 corrosive sublimate solution, on the 

 walls, floors, and feed boxes; the floors should be covered with quicklime; 

 and the premises then disinfected with formalin or sulphur vapor. The 

 tuberculin test must be applied to all newly-bought animals, before they 

 are included in the herd, and the whole herd should be tuberculin-tested 

 every 8 months until no animals react. Raw milk from tuberculous cows 

 is unfit for food and is a means of transmitting the disease to man, espe- 

 cially to infants. Von Behring's bovovaccine — of dry, living, tubercle bacilli 

 of the human type — appears to confer immunity, for a more or less indefi- 

 nite period, in cattle. It is indicated for injection into young animals, as 

 a preventive agent, when tuberculosis is prevalent in a herd. Its value is 

 still a matter for the future to determine. 



Tympanites^ Acute (In Cattle and Sheep). 



Gaseous distension of the rumen is common in sudden changes of diet 

 from dry fodder to clover or lush grass. Perform active massage of the 

 left flank. Pass a stomach tube. To stimulate peristalsis, throw a stream 

 of cold water against the left flank, and give half an ounce of formalin in 

 one quart of water, and one hour later Epsom salt (cattle), internally. 

 With increasing distension, plunge a knife, or, better, a trocar and canula, 

 into the most prominent part of the left flank, midway between the angle 

 of the hip and last rib. Compress the tissues about the canula, to prevent 

 gas and food from entering the tissues. The canula may be left in place 

 24 to 48 hours and the animal should" receive but little food — hay and bran 

 mash. If the rumen is impacted, see Indigestion. 



Udder, Inflammation op. See Mastitis. 



Ulcers. 



Wounds with general tendency to break down (necrosis) and suppurate 

 rather than to heal. These include ulcers at point of ear (dogs) and point 

 of tail (cattle and dogs). 



Ulcers in hind legs of horses, associated with swelling and general de- 

 bility. 



Gangrenous ulcers, carbuncle of coronet or foot rot in horses — from in- 

 jury, special infection and frost bite about the coronary region. 



Indolent ulcer about the coronet of old horses. 



Corneal ulcers and stomatitis ulcers in dogs and other animals. 



Ulcers due to carcinoma of the skin (horses and dogs) ; to tuberculosis, 

 actinomycosis and glanders in horses. 



Decubitus, or ulcers due to pressure in lying down. 



Ulcers due to treads on coronet and to pressure of collar and saddle on 

 the neck and withers. 



Treatment — In general, the treatment consists in destroying and removing 

 the unhealthy necrotic tissue and substituting in its place a healthy wound. 

 For this purpose we use the actual cautery, curette, scissors, knife or 

 caustics, as in the case of gangrenous ulcers. For, less urgent cases we may 

 apply the stick lunar caustic, tincture iodine, phenol, or strong solutions 

 of mercuric bichloride, formalin (10 per cent.), or zinc chloride. If there 

 is much surrounding inflammation and tissue to be gotten rid of by slough- 

 ing, we should apply aseptic gauze soaked in Dichloramine-T dissolved in 

 oil or 2 per cent, lysol and covered with waterproof and bandage till 

 sloughing has proceeded and inflammation subdued. Then we may dress 

 with ointment of scarlet-red, Peru balsam, or stimulating and antiseptic 

 powder, as calomel and iodoform. For ulcers due to specific diseases see 

 names of those diseases. Removal of cause of irritation is essential, as of 



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