614 EPITOME OF MODERN TREATMENT 



foreign body or dead tissue. Rest of the part is also requisite, as bandag- 

 ing or ear-cap in case of ulcer of the ear in dogs. 



Umbilical Infection. 



Foals, calves and lambs. Due to streptococci, staphylococci, colon bacilli, 

 B. necrophorus, etc. Prevention. Segregate cows about to calve. Excise 

 cord aseptically and ligate. Swab stump with tincture of iodine and cover 

 with salicylic acid and starch (1 to 4). Clean surroundings and bedding. 

 If navel necrotic do not ligate cord but cut away dead tissue and syringe 

 navel sinus daily with 2 per cent, lysol solution, being careful not to force 

 it through urachus into bladder. With persistent urachus inject saturated 

 solution of alum and boric acid containing 2 per cent, phenol. Udder and 

 perineum of mother kept clean so that suckling will not swallow necropho- 

 rus or colon bacilli. 



A bacterin made from navel exudate will prevent if given to a new-born, 

 and sometimes 10 mils of antistreptococcus serum given within 24 hours of 

 birth will prevent when disease enzootic. Septic arthritis often follows. 

 Disinfect premises used for parturition before a new animal is admitted. 



Urethritis in Dogs. 



Associated with balanitis very often. 



At first give cathartic and light diet of milk and bread, and enforce rest. 

 Foment frequently with hot saturated boric acid solution and inject hot 2 

 per cent, solution of the same into the urethra. Internally, give tincture 

 hyoscyamus (m.x to xx) and sweet spirit of nitre (m.xxx) with potassium 

 citrate (gr.xv) in solution thrice daily. After subsidence of more acute 

 symptoms, inject 1 per cent, solution of zinc sulphate and lead acetate in 

 combination or use 5 per cent, argyrol solution; or silver nitrate solution 

 (1-16,000 to 1-4,000). Use boiled, soft-rubber catheter, if there is urethral 

 obstruction. Obstruction from swelling of urethra, or urethral stone, may 

 require perineal section. 



Urinary Retention aNd Incontinence. 



If retention is due to spasm of the sphincter, as in coUc, then the appli- 

 cation of hot fomentations to the loins, morphine and atropine subcutane- 

 ously, or warm baths in small animals, will relieve. Pressure on the bladder 

 through the rectum, or the use of the catheter, are most rapidly effective 

 in horses. If retention of urine is due to stone in the ischial region or S 

 curve of the urethra in oxen, then massage it out; do urethrotomy; or 

 slaughter before the bladder ruptures and absorption of urine spoils the 

 meat. In sheep with urethral stone, massage the urethra and excise the 

 spiral filament at the end of the penis; or slaughter. In retention from 

 phimosis, paraphimosis, and stone in the bladder, circumcision, incision of 

 the sheath, and cystotomy are respectively indicated. Stone in the bladder 

 in sheep and cattle may be prevented by giving sodium bicarbonate with 

 the food and allowing water at the animal's constant disposal; and this 

 generally is necessary in fattening. (See Calculus.) Retention of urine 

 from paralysis of the detrusor muscles, in nervous disease, may be overcome 

 by the use of strychnine and remedies combating the primary disorder. 



Urinary incontinence may be caused by paralysis of the sphincter muscle 

 of the bladder from prolonged retention of urine; or from obstruction by 

 stones and new growths in the bladder. In paretic conditions, the admin- 

 istration of strychnine, alternate injections into the bladder of cold and 

 hot water, and treatment indicated for general debility are in order. 



Urticaria, Nettlerash, Surfeit, Hives. 

 In horses, cattle, pigs and dogs. 



Due to external irritation by nettles; bites of insects, fleas and lice; 

 chemicals, and sudden cooling of the skin. Also to irritants within the 

 body — as products of indigestion and toxins from infections, pregnancy 

 rheumatism, and hemoglobinemia ; and to specific foods and medicines. 

 Treatment— Give a purge — H., aloes; C, Epsom salt and calomel; swine, 

 calomel; dogs, the same, or two to three compound cathartic pills. Exter- 



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