616 EPITOME OF MODERN TREATMENT 



mortality (from 2 to 20 per cent.). Inoculation from an already inocu- 

 lated sheep, by means of the virus taken from a pustule at the tenth day, 

 and introduced into the tail of a healthy sheep, will produce immunity 

 without eruption. No inoculations must be made until variola breaks out 

 in a flock, or the disease may be spread by the process. Medical treatment 

 includes cleanliness of surroundings and bedding; warm shelter; fresh air; 

 soft and nourishing food. The nostrils and eyes should be cleaned with 

 saturated boric acid solution; and chalk may be put in the drinking water, 

 if diarrhea is present. 



Cow pox and horse pox appear to arise from contact of healthy animals 

 with variolous or vaccinated persons. Cow pox therefore usually occurs in 

 cows; occasionally in bulls, oxen and young stock. Cow pox is rare and 

 valuable in providing a source of vaccine lymph. The use of a milking 

 tube; frequent hot fomentations; and measures advised for mastitis are 

 indicated, when the udder is inflamed. 



In horse pox, clip the hair and cleanse and bathe the parts with 2 per 

 cent, lysol solution, and apply wet compresses of the same. In later 

 stages, the use of carbolized vaseline is to be recommended. 



Verminous Bronchitis. See Bronchitis. 



Vertigo. Megrims. Blind Staggers in the Horse. 

 Occasionally seen in dogs, pigs, cattle and sheep. 



Cover the eyes with a blanket; remove harness about the neck; and walk 

 the animal about. Also throw cold water forcibly over the head. Cerebral 

 congestion from pressure on the neck, or from short over-draw check, from 

 overheating, and from chronic lung or heart disease, may cause it. Cerebral 

 anemia or general anemia may induce the disorder. A strong glare of 

 light affecting the eyes, foreign bodies in the ears, and perhaps indigestion, 

 may induce megrims. Often it is an inexplicable neurosis. If cause can be 

 ■discovered, it should be remedied, if possible. Animals may often be ridden 

 without danger of an attack (which would appear if they were driven). 

 Certain blinders favor the disorder. Regular and hard exercise is often 

 beneficial. Following a seizure, give an aloes ball. 



Vesicular Exanthema. See Maladie du Coit. 



Villitis. Coronitis (In Horses). 



Inflammation of the coronet with heat, bulging and tenderness of the 

 coronet; and brittle, striated appearance of hoof. If severe, separation of 

 the hoof may occur. Remove shoes and enforce rest, with bran and flaxseed 

 poultice to the forefeet. With the subsidence of acute symptoms, apply 

 fly blister to the coronet. May work with bar shoes, or the animal may be 

 sent to pasture if recovery is not rapid, but wet pastures or standing in 

 water and snow are often responsible for the disease. 



Volvulus or Twist op the Bowel. See Colic. 



Twist of the pelvic flexure of the colon in the horse is' often mistaken 

 for enteritis. Death from colic is more often death from twist. Pelvic 

 flexure absent from proper position in left flank by rectal examination. 

 Eserine subcutaneously is the most successful treatment. 



May be reduced by rectal manipulation. If this is unsuccessful, one 

 may do a laparotomy. 



Warbles. Hypodermosis (In Cattle, Rarely in Horses, at Pasture). 

 Caused by Hypoderma bovis and lineata. 



Prophylaxis — Prevent gadflies from lighting on cattle by the use of covers, 

 by the application of Stockholm tar, and by spraying 3 per cent, creolin 

 solution on the skin; also by thorough brushing to remove the eggs laid on 

 the skin. Injection of kerosene into the openings of the swellings on the 

 skin, by means of a machinist's oil can (when done at the earliest moment) 

 leads to killing the larvae and subsidence of the swellings. Otherwise there 

 is nothing to do but gently express the larvae by pressure with mouth of 

 bottle when they are ready to escape. Incision of the swellings is un- 

 desirable. 



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