Duf cur's Theory the Correct OtU, I2I 



diameter of the ileum is hardly .02 of an inch. The rectum 

 or last portion of the intestine (Fig. 21, r) is much larger 

 than the ileum, and carries on its mucous or inner surface six 

 glands (Fig. 21. r^g^ which Schiemenz calls rectal glands. 

 It is quite likely that these may be excretory in function. 

 Their position would make this view seem probable at 

 least. 



Before leaving the subject it seems well to remark that 

 it would appear that the old view of Dufour, so ably advo- 

 cated by Pastor Schonfeld is, despite the arguments and 

 researches of Schiemenz, the correct one. The queen, 

 drone and larvae do not get their food as a secretion — a sort 

 of a milk — but it is i-ather the digested pollen or chyle modi- 

 fied, as the bees desire by varying their own food. In 

 addition to this albuminous food the queen and drones also 

 take much honey. Thus they need the glands which fur- 

 nish the ferment that changes cane to reducible sugar, and 

 they have them. If all honey were fully digested, then 

 the drones and queen would not need any glands at all. 

 The fact that the pollen that the larva do get is partially 

 digested is further proof that this is chyme, or partially 

 digested pollen. 



The jaws (Fig. 42, c) are very strong, without the rudi- 

 mentary tooth, while the cutting edge is semi-conical, so 

 that when the jaws are closed they form an imperfect 

 cone. Thus these organs are well formed to cut comb, knead 

 wax, and perform their various functions. As we should 

 expect, the muscles of the jaw are very large and powerful 

 (Fig. 39). The worker's eyes (Fig. 6) are like those of 

 the queen, while their wings, like those of the drones (Fig. 

 2a), attain the end of the body. These organs (Fig. 4), 

 as in all insects with rapid flight, are slim and strong, and, 

 by their more or less rapid vibrations, give the variety of 

 tone which characterize their hum. Thus we have the 

 rapid movements and high pitch of anger, and the slow 

 motion and mellow note of content and joy. 



Landois proved many years since, that aside from the 

 noise made by the wings, bees have a true voice. Thus he 

 showed that a bumble-bee without wings, or with wings 

 glued fast, would still hum. This voice is produced in the 



