minute yellow spot on the body near the head, and usually is 

 restless in the cell. The disease soon kills the larva, which 

 turns yellow, then brown, and finally almost black. When 

 a stick is inserted in the decayed mass the tissues usually do 

 not stretch out, but the ropiness, which is characteristic of 

 American foul brood, occasionally does occur in European 

 foul brood. Finally, when the decayed mass dries down, 

 there is formed an irregular scale, which is only slightly ad- 

 herent to the lower cell walls. The odor of the decaying 

 brood is not the " glue-pot" odor of American foul brood, 

 but, if any is noticeable, it suggests a sour, yeasty smell. 

 This odor may not be characteristic. European foul brood 

 attacks both queen and drone larvae. The disease spreads 

 rapidly, being extremely infectious in the spring and early 

 summer, but may seem to disappear in the late summer and 

 autumn, only to reappear another season, which is said never 

 to occur with American foul brood. The vigor and activity 

 of the adult bees are aflfected. 



Treatment. 

 Both American foul brood and European foul brood are 

 successfully treated by the same method. 



Drugs. 

 Various drug treatments have been recommended for 

 spraying, feeding and fumigation, but beekeepers are urged 

 to regard these as absolutely worthless in combating brood 

 diseases, as has been proved by experiment. 



Shaking Treatment. 



Shaking i§ the treatment which is recommended by the 

 United States Department of Agriculture, and is pronounced 

 satisfactory throughout the United States. The key to 

 successful treatment is the removal of the bees from infected 

 materials. 



Prepare a clean and uninfected hive, preferably with new 

 frames containing half-inch starters of foundation. The dis- 

 eased colony should then be drummed or shaken into the 

 new hive containing the narrow strips of foundation, care 

 being taken not to allow honey to drop from the infected 

 combs. In this way none of the infected honey becomes 



